{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T17:42:00Z","timestamp":1791740520134,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate the performance of an in-clinic ELISA designed for detection of heartworm antigen and antibodies against 5 tick-borne pathogens.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Validation study.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Sample<\/jats:bold>\u20141,601 serum or matched serum, plasma, and blood samples from dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Samples were tested for <jats:italic>Dirofilaria immitis<\/jats:italic> (heartworm) antigen and antibodies against <jats:italic>Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma platys, Borrelia burgdorferi, Ehrlichia canis<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Ehrlichia ewingii<\/jats:italic> by means of an in-clinic ELISA. Evaluation of assay sensitivity and specificity, agreement of results among sample types, and cross-reactivity of <jats:italic>E canis<\/jats:italic> antigens in the assay with anti\u2013<jats:italic>Ehrlichia chaffeensis<\/jats:italic> antibodies in stored samples from experimentally infected dogs were performed at a reference laboratory. Field tests of the in-clinic ELISA were performed at 6 veterinary facilities. Results were compared with confirmatory test results.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Sensitivity and specificity of the in-clinic ELISA were &gt; 89% for detection of antibodies against <jats:italic>A phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic> (93.2% and 99.2%, respectively), <jats:italic>A platys<\/jats:italic> (89.2% and 99.2%, respectively), <jats:italic>B burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> (96.7% and 98.8%, respectively), <jats:italic>E canis<\/jats:italic> (97.8% and 92.3%, respectively), and <jats:italic>E ewingii<\/jats:italic> (96.5% and 93.9%, respectively). Sensitivity of the assay for detection of <jats:italic>D immitis<\/jats:italic> was 98.9%, with 99.3% specificity. The in-clinic ELISA identified exposure to &gt; 1 vector-borne pathogen in 354 of 1,195 samples. Cross-reactivity of <jats:italic>E canis<\/jats:italic> antigens with anti\u2013<jats:italic>E chaffeensis<\/jats:italic> antibodies was confirmed. Results of field evaluations confirmed that the in-clinic ELISA could be reliably used under typical clinical conditions to identify dogs exposed to the pathogens of interest.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014The in-clinic ELISA provided a comprehensive in-house serologic screening test for all vector-borne pathogens evaluated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.245.1.80","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,18]],"date-time":"2014-06-18T14:42:46Z","timestamp":1403102566000},"page":"80-86","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Performance of a commercially available in-clinic ELISA for detection of antibodies against Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma platys, Borrelia burgdorferi, Ehrlichia canis, and Ehrlichia ewingii and Dirofilaria immitis antigen in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"245","author":[{"given":"Brett A.","family":"Stillman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Monn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayou","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendon","family":"Thatcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulette","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blaine","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Eberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward 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