{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T11:53:26Z","timestamp":1792756406810,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine the perioperative mortality rate, causes of death, and risk factors for perioperative death in dogs undergoing splenectomy for splenic mass lesions.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014539 dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Medical records of dogs that underwent splenectomy for known splenic masses were reviewed. Perioperative mortality rate and causes of death were determined. Associations between potential prognostic factors and perioperative death were evaluated by multivariable logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u201441 of 539 (7.6%) dogs died during the perioperative period. Thrombotic and coagulopathic syndromes and uncontrolled bleeding from metastatic lesions were the most common causes of death. Of the variables selected for multivariable analysis, platelet count at admission, whether PCV at admission was &lt; 30%, and development of ventricular arrhythmias during surgery were significantly associated with outcome. For each decrease in platelet count of 10,000 platelets\/\u03bcL, odds of death increased by approximately 6%. For dogs with PCV &lt; 30%, odds of death were approximately twice those for dogs with PCV \u2265 30%, and for dogs that developed intraoperative arrhythmias, odds of death were approximately twice those for dogs that did not.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Marked preoperative thrombocytopenia or anemia and development of intraoperative ventricular arrhythmias were identified as risk factors for perioperative death in dogs with splenic masses. The risk of death may be limited by efforts to prevent thrombotic and coagulopathic syndromes and to control all sources of intra-abdominal hemorrhage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.245.12.1382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]],"date-time":"2014-12-02T15:56:31Z","timestamp":1417535791000},"page":"1382-1390","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Risk factors for perioperative death in dogs undergoing splenectomy for splenic masses: 539 cases (2001\u20132012)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"245","author":[{"given":"Kristin M.","family":"Wendelburg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Therese E.","family":"O'Toole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"McCobb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori Lyn","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremiah A.","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1997.tb00085.x","article-title":"Pathologic factors affecting postsplenectomy survival in dogs","volume":"11","author":"Spangler","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1989.tb03092.x","article-title":"Splenomegaly in dogs: predictors of neoplasia and survival after splenectomy","volume":"3","author":"Johnson","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.239.10.1325","article-title":"Mass-to-splenic volume ratio and splenic weight as a percentage of body weight in dogs with malignant and benign splenic masses: 65 cases (2007\u20132008)","volume":"239","author":"Mallinckrodt","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"706","article-title":"Epidemiologic, clinical, pathologic, and prognostic characteristics of splenic hemangiosarcoma and splenic hematoma in dogs: 217 cases (1985)","volume":"193","author":"Prymak","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"829","article-title":"Prevalence, type, and importance of splenic diseases in dogs: 1,480 cases (1985\u20131989)","volume":"200","author":"Spangler","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2012.00986.x","article-title":"Histologic and immunohistochemical review of splenic fibrohistiocytic nodules in dogs","volume":"26","author":"Moore","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"784","article-title":"Nonangiogenic and nonlymphomatous sarcomas of the canine spleen: 57 cases (1975\u20131987)","volume":"195","author":"Weinstein","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Withrow & MacEwen's small animal clinical oncology","first-page":"679","article-title":"Miscellaneous tumors: section A\u2014hemangiosarcoma","author":"Thamm","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.5326\/0450072","article-title":"Prognosis for acute nontraumatic hemoperitoneum in the dog: a retrospective analysis of 60 cases (2003\u20132006)","volume":"45","author":"Aronsohn","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"56","article-title":"Canine hemangiosarcoma: retrospective analysis of 104 cases","volume":"186","author":"Brown","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.232.4.553","article-title":"Prevalence of hemangiosarcoma in anemic dogs with a splenic mass and hemoperitoneum requiring a transfusion: 71 cases (2003\u20132005)","volume":"232","author":"Hammond","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.10.1385","article-title":"Perioperative outcome in dogs with hemoperitoneum: 83 cases (2005\u20132010)","volume":"242","author":"Lux","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.5326\/0390518","article-title":"Acute nontraumatic hemoabdomen in the dog. 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