{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T17:49:50Z","timestamp":1793728190430,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Case Description<\/jats:bold>\u20143 Geoffroy's tamarins (<jats:italic>Saguinus geoffroyi<\/jats:italic>) in a zoo in east central Alabama developed neurologic signs shortly after a tamarin kept in the same enclosure was found dead.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Findings<\/jats:bold>\u2014Neurologic abnormalities varied among animals and were progressive. One female tamarin with a head tilt, nystagmus, mild ataxia, and paresis of a thoracic limb had gram-positive cocci present in an ear canal with otitis media and interna suspected. Another female with mild ataxia attributed to previous tail amputation developed seizures, and a male tamarin with tail tip trauma also developed ataxia.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Treatment and Outcome<\/jats:bold>\u2014The tamarin with suspected otitis received cephalexin and prednisolone, but neurologic signs worsened, and the patient died. Preliminary examination of necropsy samples revealed severe meningoencephalitis in both deceased tamarins. Prednisolone and phenobarbital treatment was initiated for the tamarin with seizures, but rapid neurologic deterioration led to euthanasia. Further histologic examination of the 3 deceased tamarins revealed meningitis and acute perivascular hemorrhage in the meninges. Parasites morphologically consistent with <jats:italic>Angiostrongylus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Parastrongylus<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>cantonensis<\/jats:italic> were present in the lungs of 1 animal and in the meninges of 2. The surviving tamarin received cephalexin for tail tip trauma and prednisolone and albendazole for presumed meningoencephalitis and parasitic infection but had permanent neurologic deficits.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014To our knowledge, these represent the first cases of <jats:italic>A cantonensis<\/jats:italic> infection in Geoffroy's tamarins and the first report of its presence in the United States not associated with a major shipping port. The presence of a mature worm in the lungs of 1 tamarin suggested completion of the parasite life cycle, previously reported only in rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.245.7.821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,17]],"date-time":"2014-09-17T15:28:52Z","timestamp":1410967732000},"page":"821-827","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in captive Geoffroy's tamarins (Saguinus geoffroyi)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"245","author":[{"given":"Jack J.","family":"Kottwitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaylee K.","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi H.","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles M.","family":"Hendrix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Exp Parasitol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(72)90069-0","article-title":"Identification of parasitic metazoa in tissue sections","volume":"32","author":"Chitwood","year":"1972"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet J","first-page":"167","article-title":"Cerebrospinal angiostrongyliasis in five captive tamarins (Sanguinus spp)","volume":"76","author":"Charlisle","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1012.040319","article-title":"Parastrongylus cantonensis in a nonhuman primate, Florida","volume":"10","author":"Duffy","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1328-5","article-title":"Human Angiostrongylus cantonensis: an update","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health","first-page":"498","article-title":"Occurrence of the infective stage of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in the yellow tree monitor (Varanus bengalensis) in five Provinces of Thailand","volume":"25","author":"Radomyos","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health","first-page":"167","article-title":"Experimental infection of yellow tree monitor (Varanus bengalensis) and related species with Angiostrongylus cantonensis","volume":"23","author":"Radomyos","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"685","article-title":"Eosinophilic meningitis attributable to Angiostrongylus catonensis infection in Hawaii: clinical characteristics and potential exposures","volume":"201","author":"Hochberg","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1112.050217","article-title":"Human Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Jamacia","volume":"11","author":"Waugh","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Parasitol Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-011-2255-1","article-title":"Epidemiological survey of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in the west-central region of Guangdong Province, China","volume":"109","author":"Chen","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Am J Ophthalmol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.09.033","article-title":"Necrotizing retinitis induced by Angiostrongylus cantonensis","volume":"141","author":"Liu","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"West Indian Med J","first-page":"383","article-title":"Ocular angiostrongyliasis\u2014first case report from Jamaica","volume":"58","author":"Mattis","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Int J Med Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.8.510","article-title":"Case report on eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0658","article-title":"Images in clinical tropical medicine. 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