{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T08:15:11Z","timestamp":1776154511550,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine the effects of rapid small-volume fluid administration on arterial blood pressure measurements and associated hemodynamic variables in isoflurane-anesthetized euvolemic dogs with or without experimentally induced hypotension.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Prospective, randomized, controlled study.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201413 healthy dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Isoflurane-anesthetized dogs were randomly assigned to conditions of nonhypotension or hypotension (mean arterial blood pressure, 45 to 50 mm Hg) and treatment with lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) or hetastarch (3 or 10 mL\/kg [1.4 or 4.5 mL\/lb] dose in a 5-minute period or 3 mL\/kg dose in a 1-minute period [4 or 5 dogs\/treatment; \u2265 10-day interval between treatments]). Hemodynamic variables were recorded before and for up to 45 minutes after fluid administration.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014IV administration of 10 mL\/kg doses of LRS or hetastarch in a 5-minute period increased right atrial and pulmonary arterial pressures and cardiac output (CO) when dogs were nonhypotensive or hypotensive, compared with findings before fluid administration; durations of these effects were greater after hetastarch administration. Intravenous administration of 3 mL of hetastarch\/kg in a 5-minute period resulted in an increase in CO when dogs were nonhypotensive. Intravenous administration of 3 mL\/kg doses of LRS or hetastarch in a 1-minute period increased right atrial pressure and CO when dogs were nonhypotensive or hypotensive.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Administration of LRS or hetastarch (3 or 10 mL\/kg dose in a 5-minute period or 3 mL\/kg dose in a 1-minute period) improved CO in isoflurane-anesthetized euvolemic dogs with or without hypotension. Overall, arterial blood pressure measurements were a poor predictor of the hemodynamic response to fluid administration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.245.9.1021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,14]],"date-time":"2014-10-14T15:06:57Z","timestamp":1413299217000},"page":"1021-1027","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Arterial blood pressure as a predictor of the response to fluid administration in euvolemic nonhypotensive or hypotensive isoflurane-anesthetized dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"245","author":[{"given":"William W.","family":"Muir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukie","family":"Ueyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Pedraza-Toscano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Vargas-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos L.","family":"Delrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert S.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bradley L.","family":"Youngblood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Hamlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.1998.tb00128.x","article-title":"Evaluation of age as a risk factor for perianesthetic morbidity and mortality in the dog","volume":"8","author":"Hosgood","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-34-4-325","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality associated with anesthetic management in small animal veterinary practice in Ontario","volume":"34","author":"Dyson","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-35-1-13","article-title":"Complications and mortality associated with anesthesia in dogs and cats","volume":"35","author":"Gaynor","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet","first-page":"728","article-title":"Hypotension during anesthesia in dogs and cats: recognition, causes, and treatment","volume":"23","author":"Mazzaferro","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Vet Med","first-page":"22","article-title":"Anesthesia-related hypotension in a small-animal practice","volume":"101","author":"Gordon","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2006.00327.x","article-title":"Use of ephedrine and dopamine in dogs for the management of hypotension in routine clinical cases under isoflurane anesthesia","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.2007.00987.x","article-title":"Normal values and incidence of cardiorespiratory complications in dogs during general anaesthesia. 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