{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:40:22Z","timestamp":1791204022267,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate the long-term risk of recurrence of calcium oxalate (CaOx) cystic calculi in dogs of various breeds fed 1 of 2 therapeutic diets.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014135 dogs with a history of CaOx cystic calculi.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Medical records for 4 referral hospitals were searched to identify dogs that had had CaOx cystic calculi removed. Owners were contacted and medical records evaluated to obtain information on postoperative diet, recurrence of signs of lower urinary tract disease, and recurrence of cystic calculi. Dogs were grouped on the basis of breed (high-risk breeds, low-risk breeds, and Miniature Schnauzers) and diet fed after removal of cystic calculi (diet A, diet B, and any other diet [diet C], with diets A and B being therapeutic diets formulated to prevent recurrence of CaOx calculi).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Breed group was a significant predictor of calculi recurrence (as determined by abdominal radiography or ultrasonography), with Miniature Schnauzers having 3 times the risk of recurrence as did dogs of other breeds. Dogs in diet group A had a lower prevalence of recurrence than did dogs in diet group C, but this difference was not significant in multivariable analysis.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results indicated that Miniature Schnauzers had a higher risk of CaOx cystic calculi recurrence than did dogs of other breeds. In addition, findings suggested that diet may play a role in decreasing recurrence, but future prospective studies are needed to validate these observations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.246.10.1098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]],"date-time":"2015-05-01T14:35:35Z","timestamp":1430490935000},"page":"1098-1103","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Associations of diet and breed with recurrence of calcium oxalate cystic calculi in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"246","author":[{"given":"Heidi S.","family":"Allen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William S.","family":"Swecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iveta","family":"Becvarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa P.","family":"Weeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen R.","family":"Werre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Analysis of 451,891 canine uroliths, feline uroliths, and feline urethral plugs from 1981 to 2007: perspectives from the Minnesota Urolith Center","first-page":"183","volume":"39","author":"Osborne","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Epidemiology of canine calcium oxalate uroliths","first-page":"113","volume":"29","author":"Lulich","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Risk factors for the incidence of calcium oxalate uroliths or magnesium ammonium phosphate uroliths for dogs in Ontario, Canada, from 1998 to 2006","first-page":"1045","volume":"71","author":"Wisener","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Evaluation of trends in urolith composition and characteristics of dogs with urolithiasis: 25,499 cases (1985\u20132006)","first-page":"193","volume":"236","author":"Low","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Patient and environmental factors associated with calcium oxalate urolithiasis in dogs","first-page":"515","volume":"217","author":"Lekcharoensuk","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Urolithiasis in dogs V: regional comparisons of breed, age, sex, anatomic location, and mineral type of calculus","first-page":"29","volume":"60","author":"Franti","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Canine and feline urolithiasis: examination of over 50,000 urolith submissions to the Canadian Veterinary Urolith Centre from 1998\u20132008","first-page":"1263","volume":"50","author":"Houston","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Prevalence of calcium oxalate uroliths in Miniature Schnauzers","first-page":"1579","volume":"52","author":"Lulich","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Evaluation of urine and serum metabolites in Miniature Schnauzers with calcium oxalate uroliths","first-page":"1583","volume":"52","author":"Lulich","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Nutrient intake and urine composition in calcium oxalate stone-forming dogs: comparison with healthy dogs and impact of dietary modification","first-page":"218","volume":"5","author":"Stevenson","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Association between dietary factors in canned food and formation of calcium oxalate uroliths in dogs","first-page":"163","volume":"63","author":"Lekcharoensuk","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Association between dry dietary factors and canine calcium oxalate uroliths","first-page":"330","volume":"63","author":"Lekcharoensuk","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Effects of dietary supplementation with sodium chloride on urinary relative supersaturation with calcium oxalate in healthy dogs","first-page":"319","volume":"66","author":"Lulich","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"The relative effects of supplemental dietary calcium and oxalate on urine composition and calcium oxalate relative supersaturation in healthy adult dogs","first-page":"33","volume":"75","author":"Stevenson","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Biologic behavior of calcium oxalate uroliths in Bichon Frise dogs","first-page":"440","volume":"18","author":"Lulich","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Effects of hydro-chlorothiazide and diet in dogs with calcium oxalate urolithiasis","first-page":"1583","volume":"218","author":"Lulich","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"SAS\/STAT 9.3 user's guide","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical 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