{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T12:40:30Z","timestamp":1741351230719,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,15]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\nCase Description<\/jats:bold>\u2014An 11-year-old male breeding alpaca was evaluated for a 2-day history of lowered head carriage and lethargy.<\/jats:p>\nClinical Findings<\/jats:bold>\u2014On initial examination, the alpaca had signs of lethargy and lowered carriage of the head and neck, but no specific neurologic deficits. Medical management improved the clinical signs, but 8 months later, the alpaca developed acute, progressive general proprioceptive ataxia affecting all 4 limbs and was referred for further evaluation and treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging and CT identified disruption of the normal osseous architecture of C7 and T1. Medical management was attempted, but because of a lack of improvement, the patient underwent surgery 14 months after initial examination.<\/jats:p>\nTreatment and Outcome<\/jats:bold>\u2014A dorsal laminectomy of C7 and T1 via a dorsal midline approach was performed, and the spinous processes of both vertebrae were removed prior to removal of the overlying lamina. Free dorsal expansion of the spinal cord was ensured by resection of the ligamentum flavum. Six months after surgery, the alpaca had returned to successful breeding with 7 hembra bred in the first year after surgery, producing 6 crias, and 4 crias in the second year. The patient was eventually euthanized 28 months after surgery because of neurologic deterioration but was still ambulatory at that time.<\/jats:p>\nConclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014A good outcome with adequate alleviation of clinical signs and breeding soundness for > 2 years following dorsal laminectomy was achieved in this camelid patient. The surgical approach was similar to that in other species and was associated with mild postoperative morbidity. Veterinarians treating camelids should be aware of the initial clinical signs and treatment options for cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy. In acute cases, the signs of reduced cervical mobility and pain on manipulation should prompt investigation including appropriate diagnostic imaging. Timely surgical intervention should be considered in patients that respond poorly to medical treatment to avoid irreversible spinal cord injury and optimize outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.246.10.1122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]],"date-time":"2015-05-01T14:35:35Z","timestamp":1430490935000},"page":"1122-1128","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dorsal laminectomy for treatment of cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy in an alpaca"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"246","author":[{"given":"W. H. J.","family":"Barker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. H.","family":"Witte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. J.","family":"Driver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Jull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. E.","family":"Whitehead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. A.","family":"Volk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"suppl 6","key":"ref1","series-title":"Spinal cord disease in the horse","first-page":"1","volume":"68","author":"Mayhew","year":"1978"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Neurologic exam","first-page":"484","volume":"23","author":"Reed","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Florfenicol pharmacokinetics in healthy adult alpacas after subcutaneous and intramuscular injection","first-page":"382","volume":"35","author":"Holmes","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Spinal epidural abscess","first-page":"2012","volume":"355","author":"Darouiche","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Analysis of 61 cases of vertebral osteomyelitis","first-page":"178","author":"Patzakis","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Discospondylitis in an adult horse","first-page":"519","volume":"139","author":"Hillyer","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of lumbosacral discospondylitis in a calf","first-page":"53","volume":"7","author":"Muggli","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Paraparesis in an adult alpaca with discospondylitis","first-page":"1256","volume":"20","author":"Zanolari","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Pseudomonas-associated discospondylitis in a two-month-old llama","first-page":"349","volume":"20","author":"Sura","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Vertebral osteomyelitis: long-term outcome for 253 patients from 7 Cleveland-area hospitals","first-page":"1342","volume":"34","author":"McHenry","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Cervical vertebral osteomyelitis in a 4-month-old foal","first-page":"71","volume":"21","author":"Hu","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Cervical spondylomyelopathy (wobbler syndrome) in dogs","first-page":"881","volume":"40","author":"da Costa","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Effects of flexion-extension movements of the head and spine upon the spinal cord and nerve roots","first-page":"214","volume":"23","author":"Reid","year":"1960"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Physical factors in the production of the myelopathy of cervical spondylosis","first-page":"395","volume":"90","author":"Waltz","year":"1967"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Morphological changes caused by pressure on the spinal cord","first-page":"355","volume":"6","author":"Wright","year":"1969"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and myelography in 18 Doberman Pinscher dogs with cervical spondylomyelopathy","first-page":"523","volume":"47","author":"da Costa","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Evaluation of decision criteria for detection of spinal cord compression based on cervical myelography in horses: 38 cases (1981\u20132001)","first-page":"14","volume":"36","author":"van Biervliet","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Cervical vertebral canal endoscopy in a horse with cervical vertebral stenotic myopathy","first-page":"116","volume":"44","author":"Prange","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Dorsal laminectomy for caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy: postoperative recovery and long-term follow-up in 20 dogs","first-page":"418","volume":"31","author":"De Risio","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"A modified lateral approach to the canine cervical spine: procedural description and clinical application in 16 dogs with lateralized compressive myelopathy or radiculopathy","first-page":"436","volume":"34","author":"Rossmeisl","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Surgery for disc-associated wobbler syndrome in the dog\u2014an examination of the controversy","first-page":"574","volume":"42","author":"Jeffery","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Vertebral subluxation following ventral cervical decompression in the dog","first-page":"348","volume":"36","author":"Lemari\u00e9","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Ventral decompression for the treatment of cervical disk disease in the dog: a review of 54 cases","first-page":"233","volume":"18","author":"Seim","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"Diagnosis and management of adult pyogenic osteomyelitis of the cervical spine","first-page":"E2","volume":"17","author":"Acosta","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Suspected paraspinal abscess and spinal epidural empyema in a dog","first-page":"149","volume":"38","author":"Cherrone","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"Treatment of vertebral osteomyelitis by radical debridement and stabilization using titanium mesh cages","first-page":"E275","volume":"32","author":"Ruf","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"Dorsal laminectomy in the horse I. Review of the literature and description of a new procedure","first-page":"172","volume":"12","author":"Nixon","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref28","series-title":"Dorsal laminectomy in the horse III. Results in horses with cervical vertebral malformation","first-page":"184","volume":"12","author":"Nixon","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref29","series-title":"Surgical treatment of developmental disease of the spinal column","first-page":"700","author":"Walmsley","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref30","series-title":"Preliminary results using an improved implant for cervical interbody arthrodesis in the horse","first-page":"138","author":"Grant","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref31","series-title":"Ventral locking compression plates for treatment of cervical stenotic myelopathy in a 3-month-old warmblood foal","first-page":"537","volume":"38","author":"Reardon","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref32","series-title":"An in vitro biomechanical comparison of a locking compression plate fixation and kerf cut cylinder fixation for ventral arthrodesis of the fourth and the fifth equine cervical vertebrae","first-page":"980","volume":"39","author":"Reardon","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref33","series-title":"Spinal epidural abscess in two calves","first-page":"801","volume":"37","author":"Zani","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref34","series-title":"Clinical evaluation of three surgical methods for treatment of caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy of dogs","first-page":"197","volume":"18","author":"Bruecker","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref35","series-title":"Surgical stabilization of the equine cervical spine","first-page":"7","volume":"8","author":"Wagner","year":"1979"},{"key":"ref36","series-title":"Evaluation of cervical spinal fusion as a treatment in the equine \u2018wobbler\u2019 syndrome","first-page":"84","volume":"8","author":"Wagner","year":"1979"},{"key":"ref37","series-title":"Ataxia and paresis in horses. Part III. Surgical treatment of cervical spinal cord compression","first-page":"S192","volume":"3","author":"Wagner","year":"1981"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/246\/10\/javma.246.10.1122.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/246\/10\/javma.246.10.1122.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/246\/10\/javma.246.10.1122.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T11:57:14Z","timestamp":1741348634000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/246\/10\/javma.246.10.1122.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,15]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.246.10.1122","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0003-1488"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,15]]}}}