{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:58:49Z","timestamp":1791892729387,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Case Description<\/jats:bold>\u2014A 3-year-old castrated male Yorkshire Terrier was referred because of a 3-day history of vomiting, hyporexia, and lethargy after suspected ingestion of magnetic desk toys. Multiple metallic gastric foreign bodies were visible on radiographic views obtained 24 hours previously by the referring veterinarian.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Findings<\/jats:bold>\u2014On physical examination of the dog, findings included moderate dyspnea, signs of pain in the cranial portion of the abdomen, hypothermia, and tachycardia. Repeated radiography revealed moderate pleural effusion and the presence of several round metallic foreign bodies in a linear ring formation in the distal aspect of the esophagus and gastric cardia.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Treatment and Outcome<\/jats:bold>\u2014Endoscopy was performed, at which time the dog became increasingly dyspneic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. Thoracocentesis was performed, and a large volume of septic exudate was removed from the left hemithorax. Exploratory surgery of the thoracic and abdominal cavities was performed, during which the magnetic foreign bodies were removed and esophageal and gastric perforations were debrided and closed. The dog died following acute cardiac arrest 48 hours after surgery.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Ingestion of multiple magnetic foreign bodies carries a high risk of gastrointestinal tract perforation, volvulus, and obstruction. Immediate surgical intervention is recommended in such cases and would have likely improved the outcome for the dog of this report.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.246.5.537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,11]],"date-time":"2015-02-11T16:06:21Z","timestamp":1423670781000},"page":"537-539","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Multiple magnetic gastrointestinal foreign bodies in a dog"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"246","author":[{"given":"Mark S.","family":"Garneau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Gastrointestinal tract perforations caused by ingestion of multiple magnets in a dog","first-page":"369","volume":"21","author":"Hickey","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Magnet ingestion in dogs: two cases","first-page":"181","volume":"46","author":"Kiefer","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Multiple magnet ingestion as a cause of septic peritonitis in a dog","first-page":"56","volume":"47","author":"Rossmeisl","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Gastrointestinal injuries from magnet ingestion in children\u2014United States, 2003\u20132006","first-page":"1296","volume":"55","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Prevalence, clinical features, and management of pediatric magnetic foreign body ingestions","first-page":"261","volume":"44","author":"Tavarez","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Toy magnet ingestion in children: revising the algorithm","first-page":"e3","volume":"42","author":"Butterworth","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"An intestinal fistula in a 3-year-old child caused by the ingestion of magnets: report of a case","first-page":"552","volume":"25","author":"Honzumi","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"An intestinal volvulus caused by multiple magnet ingestion: an unexpected risk in children","first-page":"e9","volume":"40","author":"Nui","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Ingested magnets and gastrointestinal complications","first-page":"497","volume":"43","author":"Alzahem","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Magnet induced perforated appendicitis and ileo-caecal fistula formation","first-page":"4","volume":"78","author":"Robinson","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Intestinal volvulus and perforation caused by multiple magnet ingestion: report of a case","first-page":"50","volume":"37","author":"Il\u00e7e","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Ingestion of magnetic foreign bodies causing multiple bowel perforations","first-page":"933","volume":"37","author":"Kircher","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Intestinal complications of magnet ingestion in children from the pediatric surgery perspective","first-page":"334","volume":"19","author":"Shah","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Multiple magnet ingestion as a source of severe gastrointestinal complications requiring surgical intervention","first-page":"123","volume":"162","author":"Dutta","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Hazardous complications of multiple ingested magnets: report of four cases","first-page":"187","volume":"19","author":"Kabre","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Pediatric button battery and small magnet coingestion: two cases with different outcomes","first-page":"642","volume":"27","author":"Shastri","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"A rare cause of intestinal perforation: ingestion of magnet","first-page":"369","volume":"6","author":"Sahin","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Opposites attract: a case of magnet ingestion","first-page":"493","volume":"11","author":"Wong","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Attraction problems following magnet ingestion","first-page":"W10","volume":"91","author":"Saeed","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Management of ingested magnets in children","first-page":"239","volume":"55","author":"Hussain","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical 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