{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T15:50:13Z","timestamp":1780415413806,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To compare surgical preparation time, surgery and anesthesia times, hospitalization duration, and intra- and postoperative complications between laparoscopic and conventional open cryptorchidectomy in horses.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201460 horses that underwent cryptorchidectomy.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Medical records were reviewed to identify horses that had undergone cryptorchidectomy from 1991 to 2012. Thirty horses that underwent laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy (case horses) were matched with 30 control horses that had undergone open cryptorchidectomy (ie, inguinal and parainguinal surgical approaches). Horses were matched according to history of previous surgery, testicle location, and type of closure following removal of an undescended unilateral testicle. Duration of surgery, surgical preparation and anesthesia times, hospitalization duration, and number of intra- and postoperative complications were compared between horses that underwent laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy versus open cryptorchidectomy. Comparisons were also made between horses in terms of whether there was a history of previous failed cryptorchidectomy or unknown location of testicle prior to surgery.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Horses that underwent laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy had significantly longer surgery and anesthesia times overall, compared with horses that underwent open cryptorchidectomy. No difference in surgery time was found between case and control horses that had a previous surgical attempt to remove an undescended testicle or in which the testicle location was unknown prior to surgery. Overall, horses undergoing laparoscopy had a nonsignificant increase in intraoperative complications, compared with control horses, and had significantly more postoperative complications.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Horses undergoing laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy had increased surgical preparation time, increased surgery and anesthesia times, and more postoperative complications, compared with horses undergoing open cryptorchictomy. Laparoscopy may be advantageous for a second attempt at cryptorchidectomy or if the testicle location is unknown prior to surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.246.8.885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,2]],"date-time":"2015-04-02T15:33:16Z","timestamp":1427988796000},"page":"885-892","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Comparison of laparoscopic versus conventional open cryptorchidectomies on intraoperative and postoperative complications and duration of surgery, anesthesia, and hospital stay in horses"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"246","author":[{"given":"Nicola C.","family":"Cribb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Koenig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Sorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Foundations of laparoscopy","first-page":"5","author":"Caron","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"History of laparoscopy in animals and humans","first-page":"3","author":"Klohnen","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"A view into the big \u2018black box\u2019: peering through the window with ultrasound and laparoscopy","first-page":"31","volume":"21","author":"Mueller","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Treating the pseudohermaphrodite: the value of laparoscopy","first-page":"511","volume":"24","author":"Hendrickson","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"The value of laparoscopy in equine cryptorchidism and monorchidism","first-page":"88","volume":"18","author":"Rakestraw","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Pancreatic adenocarcinoma in a donkey. Use of laparoscopy to aid the diagnosis","first-page":"19","volume":"21","author":"Spanton","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Complications associated with cannula insertion techniques used for laparoscopy in standing horses","first-page":"501","volume":"32","author":"Desmaizi\u00e8res","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Instrument associated complication of a laparoscopic ovariectomy","first-page":"325","volume":"24","author":"Madron","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Unsuccessful laparoscopic castration in a cryptorchid Friesian stallion","first-page":"774","volume":"131","author":"Voermans","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Testis","first-page":"804","author":"Schumacher","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Retrospective study of 350 cases of equine cryptorchidism","first-page":"343","volume":"172","author":"Stickle","year":"1978"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"A modified parainguinal approach for cryptorchidectomy in horses. An evaluation in 107 horses","first-page":"1","volume":"16","author":"Wilson","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Cryptorchidectomy","first-page":"139","author":"Rodgerson","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Laparoscopic intra-abdominal ligation and removal of cryptorchid testes in horses","first-page":"105","volume":"30","author":"Fischer","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Cryptorchidectomy","first-page":"267","author":"Caron","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Assessment of unassisted recovery from repeated general inhalant anaesthesia in horses following post-anaesthetic administration of xylazine or acepromazine or a combination of xylazine and ketamine","first-page":"3","volume":"40","author":"Valverde","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Confidential enquiry of perioperative equine fatalities (CEPEF-1): preliminary results","first-page":"193","volume":"27","author":"Johnston","year":"1995"},{"issue":"29","key":"ref18","series-title":"Comparative pathophysiology of nonglandular ulcer disease: a review of experimental studies","first-page":"19","author":"Argenzio","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Metabolic and clinical traits in horses undergoing feed deprivation for elective orthopedic surgery","first-page":"134","volume":"120","author":"Reinprecht","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"The recovery of horses from inhalant anesthesia: a comparison of halothane and isoflurane","first-page":"92","volume":"29","author":"Donaldson","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Comparison of recoveries from halothane vs isoflurane anesthesia in horses","first-page":"559","volume":"201","author":"Matthews","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Comparison of hemodynamic, clinicopathologic, and gastrointestinal motility effects and recovery characteristics of anesthesia with isoflurane and halothane in horses undergoing arthroscopic surgery","first-page":"32","volume":"67","author":"Durongphongtorn","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Laparoscopic versus open repair: a superior approach to inguinal herniorrhaphy?","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"Kavic","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"Epidemiological features of 5009 cases of equine cryptorchidism","first-page":"467","volume":"18","author":"Hayes","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Comparison of intraoperative behavioral and hormonal responses to noxious stimuli between mares sedated with caudal epidural detomidine hydrochloride or a continuous intravenous infusion of detomidine hydrochloride for standing laparoscopic ovariectomy","first-page":"754","volume":"39","author":"Virgin","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/246\/8\/javma.246.8.885.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/246\/8\/javma.246.8.885.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/246\/8\/javma.246.8.885.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T11:46:03Z","timestamp":1741347963000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/246\/8\/javma.246.8.885.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,15]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.246.8.885","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,15]]}}}