{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T11:40:25Z","timestamp":1785498025549,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for antibodies to a recombinant\n                    <jats:italic>Blastomyces<\/jats:italic>\n                    adhesin-1 repeat antigen (rBAD-1) to aid in the diagnosis of blastomycosis in dogs and compare the findings with results from other tests used for this purpose.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Prospective analytic study.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Sample<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Serum and urine from 70 dogs with and without blastomycosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Serum and urine samples were collected from dogs with blastomycosis (n = 21), histoplasmosis (8), or nonfungal pulmonary disease (21) and from healthy control dogs living in a blastomycosis-endemic area (20). Serum was tested for antibodies against\n                    <jats:italic>Blastomyces dermatitidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    with the rBAD-1 antibody EIA and an A-antigen antibody agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) assay. Serum and urine were tested for\n                    <jats:italic>B dermatitidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    antigen with a quantitative EIA.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Sensitivity of the quantitative antigen EIA was 100% in serum and urine samples from dogs with blastomycosis, with specificity of 95% in urine samples from dogs with nonfungal pulmonary disease and 100% in urine samples from healthy dogs. Sensitivity of the rBAD-1 antibody EIA (95%) was significantly greater than that of the A-antigen antibody AGID assay (65%). Specificity of the antibody EIA was 88% in dogs with histoplasmosis, 95% in healthy dogs, and 100% in dogs with nonfungal pulmonary disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014The rBAD-1 antibody EIA had greater sensitivity than the A-antigen antibody AGID assay in dogs with blastomycosis. This antibody EIA may assist in distinguishing histoplasmosis from blastomycosis. Further evaluation in a larger prospective study is needed to verify these results.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.247.10.1133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,30]],"date-time":"2015-10-30T14:05:13Z","timestamp":1446213913000},"page":"1133-1138","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay for antibodies to a recombinant Blastomyces adhesin-1 repeat antigen as an aid in the diagnosis of blastomycosis in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"247","author":[{"given":"Alyssa C.","family":"Mourning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward E.","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily J.","family":"Kirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janelle S.","family":"Renschler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda A.","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmin K.","family":"Paris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle M.","family":"Durkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence J.","family":"Wheat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.232.2.222","article-title":"Utility of diagnostic tests for and medical treatment of pulmonary blastomycosis in dogs: 125 cases (1989\u20132006)","volume":"232","author":"Crews","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Chest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-0627","article-title":"Blastomycosis in Indiana: digging up more cases","volume":"138","author":"Carlos","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2008.0107.x","article-title":"Antigen and antibody testing for the diagnosis of blastomycosis in dogs","volume":"22","author":"Spector","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4873","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.10.4873-4875.2004","article-title":"Antigen assay with the potential to aid in diagnosis of blastomycosis","volume":"42","author":"Durkin","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Clin Vaccine 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Chem","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30725","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.51.30725","article-title":"Genomic cloning, characterization, and functional analysis of the major surface adhesion WI-1 on Blastomyces dermatitidis yeasts","volume":"270","author":"Hogan","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Biol Chem","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42156","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M507188200","article-title":"Calcium binding by the essential virulence factor BAD-1 of Blastomyces dermatitidis","volume":"280","author":"Brandhorts","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Clin Invest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116571","article-title":"Immunologic recognition of a 25-amino acid repeat arrayed in tandem on a major antigen of Blastomyces dermatitidis","volume":"92","author":"Klein","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"2109","article-title":"Evaluation of the agar-gel immunodiffusion test in the diagnosis of canine blastomycosis","volume":"41","author":"Legendre","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"768","article-title":"Pulmonary blastomycosis\u2014an appraisal of diagnostic techniques","volume":"121","author":"Martynowicz","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1986.133.1.144","article-title":"Comparison of the enzyme immunoassay, immunodiffusion, and complement fixation tests in detecting antibody in human serum to the A antigen of Blastomyces dermatitidis","volume":"133","author":"Klein","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2000.61.554","article-title":"Canine antibody response to Blastomyces dermatitidis WI-1 antigen","volume":"61","author":"Klein","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"J Clin Invest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114406","article-title":"Isolation, purification, and radiolabeling of a novel 120-kD surface protein on Blastomyces dermatitidis yeasts to detect antibody in infected patients","volume":"85","author":"Klein","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Vet Med Int","first-page":"940126","article-title":"Blastomyces dermatitidis yeast lysate antigen combinations: antibody detection in dogs with blastomycosis","volume":"2013","author":"Boyd","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.232.2.222","article-title":"Utility of diagnostic tests for and medical treatment of pulmonary blastomycosis in dogs: 125 cases (1989\u20132006)","volume":"232","author":"Crews","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Chest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-0627","article-title":"Blastomycosis in Indiana: digging up more cases","volume":"138","author":"Carlos","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2008.0107.x","article-title":"Antigen and antibody testing for the diagnosis of blastomycosis in dogs","volume":"22","author":"Spector","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4873","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.10.4873-4875.2004","article-title":"Antigen assay with the potential to aid in diagnosis of blastomycosis","volume":"42","author":"Durkin","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.05248-11","article-title":"Blastomyces dermatitidis antigen detection by quantitative enzyme immunoassay","volume":"19","author":"Connolly","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12306","article-title":"Serum and urine Blastomyces antigen concentrations as markers of clinical remission in dogs treated for systemic blastomycosis","volume":"28","author":"Foy","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00597-13","article-title":"Development of a highly sensitive and specific blastomycosis antibody enzyme immunoassay using Blastomyces dermatitidis surface protein BAD-1","volume":"21","author":"Richer","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Biol Chem","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30725","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.51.30725","article-title":"Genomic cloning, characterization, and functional analysis of the major surface adhesion WI-1 on Blastomyces dermatitidis yeasts","volume":"270","author":"Hogan","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Biol Chem","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42156","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M507188200","article-title":"Calcium binding by the essential virulence factor BAD-1 of Blastomyces dermatitidis","volume":"280","author":"Brandhorts","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Clin Invest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116571","article-title":"Immunologic recognition of a 25-amino acid repeat arrayed in tandem on a major antigen of Blastomyces dermatitidis","volume":"92","author":"Klein","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"2109","article-title":"Evaluation of the agar-gel immunodiffusion test in the diagnosis of canine blastomycosis","volume":"41","author":"Legendre","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"768","article-title":"Pulmonary blastomycosis\u2014an appraisal of diagnostic techniques","volume":"121","author":"Martynowicz","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1986.133.1.144","article-title":"Comparison of the enzyme immunoassay, immunodiffusion, and complement fixation tests in detecting antibody in human serum to the A antigen of Blastomyces dermatitidis","volume":"133","author":"Klein","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2000.61.554","article-title":"Canine antibody response to Blastomyces dermatitidis WI-1 antigen","volume":"61","author":"Klein","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"J Clin Invest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114406","article-title":"Isolation, purification, and radiolabeling of a novel 120-kD surface protein on Blastomyces dermatitidis yeasts to detect antibody in infected patients","volume":"85","author":"Klein","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Vet Med 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