{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:54:13Z","timestamp":1787025253085,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To compare preplanned lateral surgical margins and measured lateral histologic margins for cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumor (MCT) resections in dogs.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Retrospective case series.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Sample<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u201451 biopsy specimens from dogs (n = 46) with MCTs.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014All canine patients that underwent curative-intent surgical resection of cutaneous or subcutaneous MCTs from January 1, 2010, through June 30, 2013, with complete medical records including signalment, body condition score (BCS), surgery report (with measured surgical margins), and histopathology report were included. The surgically measured tumor margins in each quadrant were grouped and compared with the corresponding histologic margins. Specimens from dogs with truncal MCTs and a BCS of 7 to 9 on a scale from 1 to 9 (ie, high) were compared with those of dogs with a BCS of 4 to 6 to evaluate effect of BCS on tissue margins.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u201451 specimens were included. Surgically mapped lateral margins differed significantly from histologically reported margins in all 4 quadrants. The mean histologic margins were 35% to 42% smaller than the surgical margins for the combined 51 specimens. A higher BCS did not significantly influence the magnitude of the decrease in lateral margins measured histologically. No significant difference was found for the magnitude of the differences between any of the 4 lateral margins.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Results of this study suggested that surgical and histologic margins may differ significantly for canine cutaneous and subcutaneous MCTs. This may be a result of tissue shrinkage following excision and fixation, extension of the MCT beyond palpable margins, or both. Histologic measurements may significantly underestimate the tumor-free margins in dogs with cutaneous and subcutaneous MCTs. (\n                    <jats:italic>J Am Vet Med Assoc<\/jats:italic>\n                    2015;247:184\u2013189)\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.247.2.184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,2]],"date-time":"2015-07-02T10:26:11Z","timestamp":1435832771000},"page":"184-189","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Surgically planned versus histologically measured lateral tumor margins for resection of cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs: 46 cases (2010\u20132013)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"247","author":[{"given":"Marije","family":"Risselada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle G.","family":"Mathews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Griffith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.1120","article-title":"Clinical outcome of dogs with grade-II mast cell tumors treated with surgery alone: 55 cases (1996\u20131999)","volume":"218","author":"S\u00e9guin","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2004.224.236","article-title":"Evaluation of surgical margins required for complete excision of cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs","volume":"224","author":"Simpson","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.228.2.210","article-title":"Evaluation of a two-centimeter lateral surgical margin for excision of grade I and grade II cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs","volume":"228","author":"Fulcher","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.238.11.1464","article-title":"Association of histologic tumor characteristics and size of surgical margins with clinical outcome after surgical removal of cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs","volume":"238","author":"Schultheiss","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Withrow & MacEwen's small animal clinical oncology","first-page":"402","article-title":"Mast cell tumors","author":"Thamm","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.243.10.1436","article-title":"Evaluation of a modified proportional margins approach for surgical resection of mast cell tumors in dogs: 40 cases (2008\u20132012)","volume":"243","author":"Pratschke","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.5326\/0380071","article-title":"Recurrence rates and sites for grade II canine cutaneous mast cell tumors following complete surgical excision","volume":"38","author":"Weisse","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Vet Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985810387446","article-title":"Canine subcutaneous mast cell tumor: characterization and prognostic indices","volume":"48","author":"Thompson","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.154.24.743","article-title":"Relationships between the histologic grade of cutaneous mast cell tumours in dogs, their survival and the efficacy of surgical resection","volume":"154","author":"Murphy","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Br J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09577.x","article-title":"Effect of tissue shrinkage on histologic tumour-free margin after excision of basal cell carcinoma","volume":"162","author":"Blasdale","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)91341-6","article-title":"Relation between size of skin excision, wound, and specimen","volume":"32","author":"Hudson-Peacock","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Asian J Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S1015-9584(08)60020-2","article-title":"Specimen shrinkage and its influence on margin assessment in breast cancer","volume":"30","author":"Yeap","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"J Surg Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.20285","article-title":"Post-resection mucosal margin shrinkage in oral cancer: quantification and significance","volume":"91","author":"Mistry","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Head Neck","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0347(199707)19:4<281::AID-HED6>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Quantification of surgical margin shrinkage in the oral cavity","volume":"19","author":"Johnson","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"HPB (Oxford)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1080\/13651820310013402","article-title":"The measurement of liver resection margins","volume":"6","author":"Rutherford","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Eur J Histochem","first-page":"133","article-title":"Porcine intestinal mast cells. Evaluation of different fixatives for histochemical staining techniques considering tissue shrinkage","volume":"57","author":"Rieger","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.500","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of routine histologic processing on the size of skin samples obtained from dogs","volume":"66","author":"Reimer","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Vet Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588402100503","article-title":"Canine cutaneous mast cell tumor: morphologic grading and survival time in 83 dogs","volume":"21","author":"Patnaik","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Vet Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985810389316","article-title":"Recommended guidelines for submission, trimming, margin evaluation, and reporting of tumor biopsy specimens in veterinary surgical pathology","volume":"48","author":"Kamstock","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1966.tb04490.x","article-title":"Tension lines in the skin of the dog","volume":"7","author":"Irwin","year":"1966"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Vet Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985810386469","article-title":"Proposal of a 2-tier histologic grading system for canine cutaneous mast cell tumors to more accurately predict biological behavior","volume":"48","author":"Kiupel","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199111000-00010","article-title":"Determination of pre-excision surgical margins of melanomas from fixed-tissue specimens","volume":"88","author":"Golomb","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Br J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08994.x","article-title":"Shrinkage of skin excision specimens: formalin fixation is not the culprit","volume":"160","author":"Dauendorffer","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.5326\/0380458","article-title":"Prognosis following surgical excision of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors with histopathologically tumor-free versus nontumor-free margins: a retrospective study of 31 cases","volume":"38","author":"Michels","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.1120","article-title":"Clinical outcome of dogs with grade-II mast cell tumors treated with surgery alone: 55 cases (1996\u20131999)","volume":"218","author":"S\u00e9guin","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2004.224.236","article-title":"Evaluation of surgical margins required for complete excision of cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs","volume":"224","author":"Simpson","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.228.2.210","article-title":"Evaluation of a two-centimeter lateral surgical margin for excision of grade I and grade II cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs","volume":"228","author":"Fulcher","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.238.11.1464","article-title":"Association of histologic tumor characteristics and size of surgical margins with clinical outcome after surgical removal of cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs","volume":"238","author":"Schultheiss","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Withrow & MacEwen's small animal clinical oncology","first-page":"402","article-title":"Mast cell tumors","author":"Thamm","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.243.10.1436","article-title":"Evaluation of a modified proportional margins approach for surgical resection of mast cell tumors in dogs: 40 cases (2008\u20132012)","volume":"243","author":"Pratschke","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.5326\/0380071","article-title":"Recurrence rates and sites for grade II canine cutaneous mast cell tumors following complete surgical excision","volume":"38","author":"Weisse","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Vet Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985810387446","article-title":"Canine subcutaneous mast cell tumor: characterization and prognostic indices","volume":"48","author":"Thompson","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.154.24.743","article-title":"Relationships between the histologic grade of cutaneous mast cell tumours in dogs, their survival and the efficacy of surgical resection","volume":"154","author":"Murphy","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Br J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09577.x","article-title":"Effect of tissue shrinkage on histologic tumour-free margin after excision of basal cell carcinoma","volume":"162","author":"Blasdale","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)91341-6","article-title":"Relation between size of skin excision, wound, and specimen","volume":"32","author":"Hudson-Peacock","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Asian J Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S1015-9584(08)60020-2","article-title":"Specimen shrinkage and its influence on margin assessment in breast cancer","volume":"30","author":"Yeap","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"J Surg Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.20285","article-title":"Post-resection mucosal margin shrinkage in oral cancer: quantification and significance","volume":"91","author":"Mistry","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Head Neck","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0347(199707)19:4<281::AID-HED6>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Quantification of surgical margin shrinkage in the oral cavity","volume":"19","author":"Johnson","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"HPB (Oxford)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1080\/13651820310013402","article-title":"The measurement of liver resection margins","volume":"6","author":"Rutherford","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Eur J Histochem","first-page":"133","article-title":"Porcine intestinal mast cells. Evaluation of different fixatives for histochemical staining techniques considering tissue shrinkage","volume":"57","author":"Rieger","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.500","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of routine histologic processing on the size of skin samples obtained from dogs","volume":"66","author":"Reimer","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Vet Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588402100503","article-title":"Canine cutaneous mast cell tumor: morphologic grading and survival time in 83 dogs","volume":"21","author":"Patnaik","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Vet Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985810389316","article-title":"Recommended guidelines for submission, trimming, margin evaluation, and reporting of tumor biopsy specimens in veterinary surgical pathology","volume":"48","author":"Kamstock","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1966.tb04490.x","article-title":"Tension lines in the skin of the dog","volume":"7","author":"Irwin","year":"1966"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Vet Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985810386469","article-title":"Proposal of a 2-tier histologic grading system for canine cutaneous mast cell tumors to more accurately predict biological behavior","volume":"48","author":"Kiupel","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199111000-00010","article-title":"Determination of pre-excision surgical margins of melanomas from fixed-tissue specimens","volume":"88","author":"Golomb","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Br J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08994.x","article-title":"Shrinkage of skin excision specimens: formalin fixation is not the culprit","volume":"160","author":"Dauendorffer","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.5326\/0380458","article-title":"Prognosis following surgical excision of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors with histopathologically tumor-free versus nontumor-free margins: a retrospective study of 31 cases","volume":"38","author":"Michels","year":"2002"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/247\/2\/javma.247.2.184.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/247\/2\/javma.247.2.184.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/247\/2\/javma.247.2.184.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T20:09:00Z","timestamp":1775765340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/247\/2\/javma.247.2.184.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,15]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.247.2.184","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,15]]}}}