{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T05:50:43Z","timestamp":1791697843744,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To describe outcomes for dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism following treatment with percutaneous ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation of presumed functional parathyroid nodules.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201424 dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism that underwent 27 ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation procedures of presumed functional parathyroid nodules identified by cervical ultrasonography.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Dogs were anesthetized for each procedure. For each nodule, 95% ethanol was injected into the center with ultrasound guidance (volume injected calculated on the basis of ultrasonographic measurements). The interval from treatment to resolution of hypercalcemia, complications, and follow-up clinicopathologic data were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u20145 procedures involved simultaneous treatment of 2 nodules. Three dogs underwent a second treatment because of initial treatment failure or development of another nodule. Hypercalcemia resolved after 23 of 27 (85%) procedures. In those 23 treatments, 22 (96%) had resolution of hypercalcemia within 72 hours after treatment. Hypocalcemia was detected in 6 different dogs at 2 (1 dog), 7 (3 dogs), 14 (1 dog), and 21 (1 dog) days after treatment; 5 of these dogs had mild transient hypocalcemia and 1 developed clinical signs requiring calcium supplementation. Although there were no periprocedural adverse effects, 2 dogs had delayed adverse effects; the overall rate of complications (including delayed adverse events and clinical hypocalcemia) was 11.1%. Long-term follow-up data indicated sustained normocalcemia in 17 of 19 dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggested that percutaneous ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation of functional parathyroid nodules may be an effective treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism of dogs, with short duration of anesthesia, minimal complications, and low risk for hypocalcemia. (<jats:italic>J Am Vet Med Assoc<\/jats:italic> 2015;247:771\u2013777)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.247.7.771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,18]],"date-time":"2015-09-18T14:57:07Z","timestamp":1442588227000},"page":"771-777","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Outcomes for dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism following treatment with percutaneous ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation of presumed functional parathyroid nodules: 27 cases (2008\u20132011)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"247","author":[{"given":"Talia","family":"Guttin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Van W.","family":"Knox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy S.","family":"Diroff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-37-4-349","article-title":"Elevated parathyroid hormone-related protein and hypercalcemia in two dogs with schistosomiasis","volume":"37","author":"Fradkin","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"833","article-title":"Plasma concentrations of parathyroid hormone-related protein in dogs with potential disorders of calcium metabolism","volume":"159","author":"Mellanby","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2009.0288.x","article-title":"Ionized hypercalcemia in dogs: a retrospective study of 109 cases (1998\u20132003)","volume":"23","author":"Messinger","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.227.756","article-title":"Pretreatment clinical and laboratory findings in dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism: 210 cases (1987\u20132004)","volume":"227","author":"Feldman","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2011.05.012","article-title":"Metabolic complications of endocrine surgery in companion animals","volume":"41","author":"de Brito Galvao","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.5326\/0430070","article-title":"Retrospective evaluation of three treatment methods for primary hyperparathyroidism in dogs","volume":"43","author":"Rasor","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2010.01686.x","article-title":"Ultrasonography of histologically normal parathyroid glands and thyroid lobules in normocalcemic dogs","volume":"51","author":"Liles","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5829.2011.00276.x","article-title":"Outcome of 19 dogs with parathryoid carcinoma after surgical excision","volume":"10","author":"Sawyer","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"217","article-title":"Percutaneous ultrasound-guided chemical parathyroid ablation for treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism in dogs","volume":"215","author":"Long","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2008.00457.x","article-title":"Validation of a rapid parathyroid hormone assay and intraoperative measurement of parathyroid hormone in dogs with benign naturally occurring primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"38","author":"Ham","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.241.2.233","article-title":"Evaluation of preoperative serum concentrations of ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone as predictors of hypocalcemia following parathyroidectomy in dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism: 17 cases (2001\u20132009)","volume":"241","author":"Arbaugh","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2005.tb00268.x","article-title":"Primary hyperparathyroidism in 29 dogs: diagnosis, treatment, outcome and associated renal failure","volume":"46","author":"Gear","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.1298","article-title":"Percutaneous ethanol injection for treatment of unilateral hyperplastic thyroid nodules in cats","volume":"218","author":"Goldstein","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27302008000400019","article-title":"Ethanol injection under ultrasound guidance to palliate unresectable parathyroid carcinoma","volume":"52","author":"Montenegro","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Vet Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985809359604","article-title":"Diagnosing the etiology of hypercalcemia in a dog: a case of primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"47","author":"Sakals","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/247\/7\/javma.247.7.771.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/247\/7\/javma.247.7.771.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/247\/7\/javma.247.7.771.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T11:47:14Z","timestamp":1741348034000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/247\/7\/javma.247.7.771.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.247.7.771","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]]}}}