{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:40:33Z","timestamp":1761709233203,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold> To determine the sensitivity, specificity, and interobserver variability of survey thoracic radiography (STR) for the detection of heart base masses (HBMs) in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>DESIGN<\/jats:bold> Retrospective case-control study.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>ANIMALS<\/jats:bold> 30 dogs with an HBM and 120 breed-matched control dogs (60 healthy dogs and 60 dogs with heart disease and no HBM).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>PROCEDURES<\/jats:bold> In a blinded manner, 2 observers (designated as A and B) evaluated STR views from each dog for a mass-like opacity cranial to the heart, tracheal deviation, cardiomegaly, findings suggestive of pericardial effusion or right-sided congestive heart failure, and soft tissue opacities suggestive of pulmonary metastases. Investigators subsequently provided a final interpretation of each dog's HBM status (definitely affected, equivocal, or definitely not affected).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold> Considering equivocal interpretation as negative or positive for an HBM, the sensitivity of STR for diagnosis of an HBM was 40.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 22.5% to 57.5%) and 56.7% (95% CI, 38.9% to 74.4%), respectively, for observer A and 63% (95% CI, 46.1% to 80.6%) and 80.0% (95% CI, 65.7% to 94.3%), respectively, for observer B. The corresponding specificity was 96.7% (95% CI, 93.5% to 99.9%) and 92.5% (95% CI, 87.8% to 97.2%), respectively, for observer A and 99.2% (95% CI, 97.5% to 100%) and 92.5% (95% CI, 87.8% to 97.2%), respectively, for observer B. The presence of a mass-like opacity cranial to the heart or tracheal deviation, or both, was significantly associated with a true diagnosis of HBM.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold> Results indicated that STR is a highly specific but not a highly sensitive predictor of HBM in dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.248.12.1391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,6]],"date-time":"2016-06-06T19:51:24Z","timestamp":1465242684000},"page":"1391-1398","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Sensitivity, specificity, and interobserver variability of survey thoracic radiography for the detection of heart base masses in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"248","author":[{"given":"Carlo","family":"Guglielmini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco Baron","family":"Toaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Quinci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Romito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Luciani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Cipone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Drigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Diana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.219.485","article-title":"Survival times and prognostic indicators for dogs with heart base masses: 25 cases (1986\u20131999)","volume":"219","author":"Vicari","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Kirk's current veterinary therapy.","first-page":"354","article-title":"Pulmonary neoplasia","author":"Hahn","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.235.12.1456","article-title":"Echocardiographic and clinicopathologic characterization of pericardial effusion in dogs: 107 cases (1985\u20132006)","volume":"235","author":"MacDonald","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1975.tb05751.x","article-title":"An hypothesis for the aetiology of canine chemoreceptor system neoplasms, based upon an epidemiological study of 73 cases among hospital patients","volume":"16","author":"Hayes","year":"1975"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"124","article-title":"Chemoreceptor tumors diagnosed at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine 1967\u20131979","volume":"21","author":"Yates","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"95","article-title":"Cardiac tumors in dogs: 1982\u20131995","volume":"13","author":"Ware","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02473.x","article-title":"Use of pericardial fluid pH to distinguish between idiopathic and neoplastic effusion","volume":"17","author":"Fine","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2005.tb02773.x","article-title":"Biochemical analysis of pericardial fluid and whole blood in dogs with pericardial effusion","volume":"19","author":"de Laforcade","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12134","article-title":"Comparison of presumptive echocardiographic and definitive diagnoses of cardiac tumors in dogs","volume":"27","author":"Rajagopalan","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Clin Tech Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1053\/svms.2003.36631","article-title":"Pericardiocentesis and principles of echocardiographic imaging in the patient with cardiac neoplasia","volume":"18","author":"Gidlewski","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Veterinary echocardiography","first-page":"411","article-title":"Pericardial disease, effusion, and masses","author":"Boon","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1995.tb00250.x","article-title":"Biplane transesophageal echocardiography in the dog: technique, anatomy and imaging planes","volume":"36","author":"Loyer","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.08.014","article-title":"Transoesophageal echocardiography in the dog","volume":"198","author":"Domenech","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Radiographics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.19.6.g99no031421","article-title":"CT and MR imaging of primary cardiac malignancies","volume":"19","author":"Araoz","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Cardio-vasc Intervent Radiol","first-page":"459","article-title":"Comparison of echo and MRI in the imaging evaluation of intracardiac masses","volume":"27","author":"Gulati","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"World J Cardiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v5.i12.473","article-title":"Coronary CT angiography: diagnostic value and clinical challenges","volume":"5","author":"Sabarudin","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"83","article-title":"Angiographic diagnosis of heart base tumor in the dog","volume":"18","author":"Cantwell","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2004.04093.x","article-title":"Computed tomographic evaluation of canine and feline mediastinal masses in 14 patients","volume":"45","author":"Yoon","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Canine and feline thoracic imaging.","first-page":"66","article-title":"Basics of thoracic computed tomography","author":"Schwarz","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Canine and feline thoracic imaging","first-page":"71","article-title":"Basics of thoracic magnetic resonance imaging","author":"McConnell","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2010.01673.x","article-title":"Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in normal dogs and two dogs with heart base tumor","volume":"51","author":"Ma\u00ef","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.0762.x","article-title":"Cardiac magnetic resonance in the differentiation of neoplastic and nonneoplastic pericardial effusion","volume":"25","author":"Boddy","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology.","first-page":"585","article-title":"Heart and pulmonary vessels","author":"Bahr","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"Canine and feline thoracic imaging","first-page":"86","article-title":"The heart and major vessels","author":"Johnson","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Vet Clin Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2006.tb00082.x","article-title":"Receiver-operating characteristic curves and likelihood ratios: improvements over traditional methods for the evaluation and application of veterinary clinical pathology tests","volume":"35","author":"Gardner","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"Biometrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"Landis","year":"1977"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"Atlas of normal radiographic anatomy and anatomic variants in the dog and cat.","first-page":"127","article-title":"The thorax","author":"Thrall","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref28","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.241.8.1048","article-title":"Accuracy of radiographic vertebral heart score and sphericity index in the detection of pericardial effusion in dogs","volume":"241","author":"Guglielmini","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref29","series-title":"Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology","first-page":"35","article-title":"Visual perception and radiographic interpretation","author":"Papageorges","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref30","series-title":"Clin Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1053\/crad.2001.0858","article-title":"Error in radiology.","volume":"56","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref31","series-title":"Br J Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.72.856.10474490","article-title":"Variation between experienced observers in the interpretation of accident and emergency radiographs","volume":"72","author":"Robinson","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref32","series-title":"Br J Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.74.886.740949","article-title":"Error in radiology","volume":"74","author":"Goddard","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref33","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1975.tb05813.x","article-title":"Canine chemodectoma (extra-adrenal paragangliomas): a comparative study","volume":"16","author":"Patnaik","year":"1975"},{"key":"ref34","series-title":"Tumors in domestic animals","first-page":"414","article-title":"Tumors of the chemoreceptor organs","author":"Capen","year":"1978"},{"key":"ref35","series-title":"Acta Vet Scand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-52-35","article-title":"Cases with manifestation of chemodectoma diagnosed in dogs in Department of Internal Diseases with Horses, Dogs and Cats Clinic, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland","volume":"52","author":"Noszczyk-Nowak","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref36","series-title":"Veterinaria","first-page":"23","article-title":"Trattamento chirurgico di un chemodectoma della base del cuore in un cane","volume":"27","author":"Domenech","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref37","series-title":"Cardiovascular diseases in small animal medicine.","first-page":"332","article-title":"Pericardial diseases and cardiac tumors","author":"Ware","year":"2007"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/248\/12\/javma.248.12.1391.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/248\/12\/javma.248.12.1391.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/248\/12\/javma.248.12.1391.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T11:48:04Z","timestamp":1741348084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/248\/12\/javma.248.12.1391.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.248.12.1391","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0003-1488"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]]}}}