{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T14:18:21Z","timestamp":1787581101549,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>To determine whether body weight, age, or sex was associated with ultrasonographically determined adrenal gland thickness (AT) in dogs with non-adrenal gland illness.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>DESIGN<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Retrospective cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>ANIMALS<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>266 dogs (22 sexually intact and 119 castrated males and 19 sexually intact and 106 spayed females representing 12 breeds) with non-adrenal gland illness.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>PROCEDURES<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Thickness of the caudal pole of the left and right adrenal glands was measured on longitudinal ultrasonographic images. Dogs were stratified into age and body weight categories to investigate associations with AT.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>AT was significantly lower in dogs that weighed \u2264 12 kg (26.4 lb) than in dogs that weighed &gt; 12 kg and left AT increased with age. Both left and right AT were larger in male than in female dogs that weighed &gt; 12 to \u2264 20 kg, and left AT was larger in male than in female dogs that weighed &gt; 20 to \u2264 30 kg.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Results suggested that body weight, age, and sex were significantly associated with AT, indicating that these variables should be considered when evaluating AT in dogs with non-adrenal gland illness and when developing reference intervals for AT in dogs. Further, findings indicated that dogs with non-adrenal gland illness that weigh \u2264 12 kg should have an AT no greater than 0.62 cm, whereas dogs that weigh &gt; 12 kg should have an AT no greater than 0.72 cm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.248.6.652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,8]],"date-time":"2016-03-08T16:27:42Z","timestamp":1457454462000},"page":"652-660","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Associations between sex, body weight, age, and ultrasonographically determined adrenal gland thickness in dogs with non-adrenal gland illness"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"248","author":[{"given":"Pedro L.","family":"Bento","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon A.","family":"Center","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John 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