{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T13:09:21Z","timestamp":1759410561919,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold> To compare the humoral response between sheep vaccinated with a killed-virus (KV) vaccine and those vaccinated with a modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine against bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 17.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>DESIGN<\/jats:bold> Randomized clinical trial followed by a field trial.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>ANIMALS<\/jats:bold> 30 yearling crossbred ewes (phase 1) and 344 sheep from 7 Wyoming farms (phase 2).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>PROCEDURES<\/jats:bold> In phase 1, ewes seronegative for anti-BTV antibodies received sterile diluent (control group; n = 10) or an MLV (10) or KV (10) vaccine against BTV-17 on day 0. Ewes in the KV group received a second dose of the vaccine on day 21. Ewes were bred 5 months after vaccination and allowed to lamb. Anti-BTV antibodies were measured in ewes at predetermined times after vaccination and in their lambs once at 5 to 10 days after birth. In phase 2, 248 commercial sheep were screened for anti-BTV antibodies and vaccinated with a KV vaccine against BTV-17 on day 0. Sheep seronegative for anti-BTV antibodies on day 0 (n = 90) underwent follow-up serologic testing on day 365 along with 96 unvaccinated cohorts (controls).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold> In phase 1, all vaccinated ewes developed anti-BTV antibodies by 14 days after vaccination and remained seropositive for 1 year; all of their lambs were also seropositive. All control ewes and lambs were seronegative. In phase 2, the prevalence of vaccinated sheep with anti-BTV antibodies 1 year after vaccination was 93% and 76% as determined by a serum neutralization assay and competitive ELISA, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold> Both vaccines induced antibodies against BTV-17 that persisted for at least 1 year and provided passive immunity for lambs and may be a viable option to protect sheep against disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.248.9.1043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,13]],"date-time":"2016-04-13T20:12:46Z","timestamp":1460578366000},"page":"1043-1049","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparison of the humoral response between sheep vaccinated with a killed-virus vaccine and those vaccinated with a modified-live virus vaccine against bluetongue virus serotype 17"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"248","author":[{"given":"Kelsie L.","family":"Speiser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brant A.","family":"Schumaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walter E.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Todd E.","family":"Cornish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristi M.","family":"Cammack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myrna M.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Wildl Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-24.1.113","article-title":"Bluetongue in freeranging pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana) in Wyoming: 1976 and 1984","volume":"24","author":"Thorne","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.237.8.955","article-title":"Investigation of a bluetongue disease epizootic caused by bluetongue virus serotype 17 in sheep in Wyoming","volume":"237","author":"Miller","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2008023","article-title":"Bluetongue virus: virology, pathogenesis and immunity","volume":"39","author":"Schwartz-Cornil","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1090","article-title":"Climate change and the recent emergence of bluetongue in Europe","volume":"3","author":"Purse","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref5"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Virol 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