{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T15:01:52Z","timestamp":1792422112573,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold>\n                    To determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of incidental adrenal gland masses identified in dogs undergoing abdominal CT.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>DESIGN<\/jats:bold>\n                    Retrospective case series.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>ANIMALS<\/jats:bold>\n                    270 client-owned dogs.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>PROCEDURES<\/jats:bold>\n                    Medical records of dogs that underwent abdominal CT from June 2013 through June 2014 were reviewed. Patients were excluded if they had undergone CT because of a history or clinical signs of an adrenal gland mass or disease. Information collected included history, signalment, initial complaint, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, urine specific gravity, and whether abdominal ultrasonography was performed. Imaging reports generated by the board-certified radiologist who evaluated the CT images were reviewed.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold>\n                    Incidental adrenal gland masses were detected in 25 of the 270 (9.3%) dogs. Dogs with incidental adrenal gland masses were significantly older (median, 12.0 years; range, 8.0 to 15.0 years) than dogs without (8.2 years; range, 0.1 to 13.1 years). Dogs examined for neoplasia were significantly more likely to have an incidental adrenal gland mass (22\/138 [15.9%]) than were dogs examined for any other reason (3\/132 [2.3%]), but these dogs were also significantly older. No other risk factors were identified. Histologic examination was performed in only 3 of the 25 dogs with incidental adrenal gland masses; 2 had cortical adenomas and 1 had a pheochromocytoma and cortical adenoma.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold>\n                    Results suggested that a clinically important percentage of dogs undergoing abdominal CT will have incidental adrenal gland masses, with incidental masses more likely in older than in younger dogs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.249.10.1165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,8]],"date-time":"2016-11-08T08:30:01Z","timestamp":1478593801000},"page":"1165-1169","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Prevalence of adrenal gland masses as incidental findings during abdominal computed tomography in dogs: 270 cases (2013\u20132014)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"249","author":[{"given":"Jared I.","family":"Baum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Boston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Brad","family":"Case","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Presse Med","first-page":"393","article-title":"Adrenal incidentalomas [in French]","volume":"43","author":"Tabarin","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Small animal surgery","first-page":"578","article-title":"Surgery of the endocrine system","author":"Fossum","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Visc Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviscsurg.2014.07.002","article-title":"Management of adrenal incidentaloma","volume":"151","author":"Menegaux","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.244.10.1181","article-title":"Clinical findings in dogs with incidental adrenal gland lesions determined by ultrasonography: 151 cases (2007\u20132010)","volume":"244","author":"Cook","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Eur J Endocrinol","first-page":"273","article-title":"Prevalence and natural history of adrenal incidentalomas","volume":"149","author":"Barzon","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Endocr Rev","first-page":"460","article-title":"Incidentally discovered adrenal masses","volume":"16","author":"Kloos","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Ann Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-98-6-940","article-title":"The incidentally discovered adrenal mass","volume":"98","author":"Copeland","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"885","article-title":"Clinical review: 50 clinically silent adrenal masses","volume":"77","author":"Gross","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199011153232007","article-title":"Hormonal evaluation of the patient with an incidentally discovered adrenal mass","volume":"323","author":"Ross","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Ann Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-138-5-200303040-00013","article-title":"Management of the clinically inapparent adrenal mass (\u201cincidentaloma\u201d)","volume":"138","author":"Grumbach","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Endocrine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-011-9445-6","article-title":"The prevalence of adrenal incidentaloma in routine clinical practice","volume":"40","author":"Davenport","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Semin Ultrasound CT MR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-2171(95)90036-5","article-title":"Adrenal imaging","volume":"16","author":"Korobkin","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.143.1.7063713","article-title":"Computed tomography versus ultrasound of the adrenal gland: a prospective study","volume":"143","author":"Abrams","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-37-1-93","article-title":"Surgical treatment of adrenocortical tumors: 21 cases (1990\u20131996)","volume":"37","author":"Anderson","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2008.0182.x","article-title":"Predictive factors and the effect of phenoxybenzamine on outcome in dogs undergoing adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma","volume":"22","author":"Herrera","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.223.654","article-title":"Surgical management of adrenal gland tumors with and without associated tumor thrombi in dogs: 40 cases (1994\u20132001)","volume":"223","author":"Kyles","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.75.10.886","article-title":"Use of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography to characterize adrenal gland tumors in dogs","volume":"75","author":"Pey","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12209","article-title":"Comparison of computed tomographic and pathologic findings in 17 dogs with primary adrenal neoplasia","volume":"56","author":"Gregori","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Vet Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.42-1-52","article-title":"Metastatic tumors to the adrenal glands in domestic animals","volume":"42","author":"Labelle","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4106","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0457","article-title":"Approach to the patient with an adrenal incidentaloma","volume":"95","author":"Nieman","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Presse Med","first-page":"393","article-title":"Adrenal incidentalomas [in French]","volume":"43","author":"Tabarin","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Small animal surgery","first-page":"578","article-title":"Surgery of the endocrine system","author":"Fossum","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Visc Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviscsurg.2014.07.002","article-title":"Management of adrenal incidentaloma","volume":"151","author":"Menegaux","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.244.10.1181","article-title":"Clinical findings in dogs with incidental adrenal gland lesions determined by ultrasonography: 151 cases (2007\u20132010)","volume":"244","author":"Cook","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Eur J Endocrinol","first-page":"273","article-title":"Prevalence and natural history of adrenal incidentalomas","volume":"149","author":"Barzon","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Endocr Rev","first-page":"460","article-title":"Incidentally discovered adrenal masses","volume":"16","author":"Kloos","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Ann Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-98-6-940","article-title":"The incidentally discovered adrenal mass","volume":"98","author":"Copeland","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"885","article-title":"Clinical review: 50 clinically silent adrenal masses","volume":"77","author":"Gross","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199011153232007","article-title":"Hormonal evaluation of the patient with an incidentally discovered adrenal mass","volume":"323","author":"Ross","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Ann Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-138-5-200303040-00013","article-title":"Management of the clinically inapparent adrenal mass (\u201cincidentaloma\u201d)","volume":"138","author":"Grumbach","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Endocrine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-011-9445-6","article-title":"The prevalence of adrenal incidentaloma in routine clinical practice","volume":"40","author":"Davenport","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Semin Ultrasound CT MR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-2171(95)90036-5","article-title":"Adrenal imaging","volume":"16","author":"Korobkin","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.143.1.7063713","article-title":"Computed tomography versus ultrasound of the adrenal gland: a prospective study","volume":"143","author":"Abrams","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-37-1-93","article-title":"Surgical treatment of adrenocortical tumors: 21 cases (1990\u20131996)","volume":"37","author":"Anderson","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2008.0182.x","article-title":"Predictive factors and the effect of phenoxybenzamine on outcome in dogs undergoing adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma","volume":"22","author":"Herrera","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.223.654","article-title":"Surgical management of adrenal gland tumors with and without associated tumor thrombi in dogs: 40 cases (1994\u20132001)","volume":"223","author":"Kyles","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.75.10.886","article-title":"Use of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography to characterize adrenal gland tumors in dogs","volume":"75","author":"Pey","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12209","article-title":"Comparison of computed tomographic and pathologic findings in 17 dogs with primary adrenal neoplasia","volume":"56","author":"Gregori","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Vet Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.42-1-52","article-title":"Metastatic tumors to the adrenal glands in domestic animals","volume":"42","author":"Labelle","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4106","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0457","article-title":"Approach to the patient with an adrenal incidentaloma","volume":"95","author":"Nieman","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical 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