{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T04:36:52Z","timestamp":1777610212580,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CASE DESCRIPTION<\/jats:bold> 5 mares were evaluated because of reproductive complications following long-term (&gt; 1 year) use of intrauterine glass marbles for estrus suppression.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CLINICAL FINDINGS<\/jats:bold> 3 mares had 1 intrauterine glass marble, and 2 mares had 2 intrauterine glass marbles. On examination, 2 mares had signs of chronic endometritis, and 3 had signs of pyometra. Marbles or glass shards adhered to the endometrium were identified by means of hysteroscopy in 3 of 5 mares. Five of 7 marbles had surface imperfections or were broken.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>TREATMENT AND OUTCOME<\/jats:bold> All patients were treated with uterine lavage and intrauterine and systemic administration of antimicrobials chosen on the basis of results of bacterial culture and susceptibility testing. Two of 5 mares were treated with intrauterine Tris-EDTA. One mare underwent 3 unsuccessful embryo transfer procedures and was subsequently lost to follow-up. One mare was euthanized because of severe vaginal and cervical adhesions and chronic vaginal discharge. Three mares had no apparent signs of reproductive disease at the time of follow-up but were not rebred.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold> Results of the present small case series suggested that use of intrauterine glass marbles should be discouraged because of the potential for severe reproductive consequences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.249.10.1196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,8]],"date-time":"2016-11-08T13:30:01Z","timestamp":1478611801000},"page":"1196-1201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Complications associated with intrauterine glass marbles in five mares"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"249","author":[{"given":"Mariana Diel","family":"de Amorim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tracey","family":"Chenier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawne","family":"Nairn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jodyne","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Manning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Card","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Equine Vet Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0737-0806(88)80063-7","article-title":"Diagnostic ultrasonography of the mare's reproductive tract","volume":"8","author":"McKinnon","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Current therapy in theriogenology","first-page":"723","article-title":"Equine endometrial biopsy","author":"Kenney","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Pregnancy rates after collection and shipment of equine embryos (1988\u20131991), in Proceedings. 38th Annu Conv Am Assoc Equine Pract","first-page":"609","volume":"38","author":"Squires","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Equine reproduction","article-title":"Estrus suppression","author":"Vanderwall"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Theriogenology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(95)00243-2","article-title":"Fertility control using intrauterine devices: an alternative for population control in wild horses","volume":"44","author":"Daels","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Equine Vet Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1053\/jevs.2003.75","article-title":"Use of an intrauterine glass ball protocol to extend luteal function in mares","volume":"23","author":"Nie","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Anim Reprod Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2007.06.010","article-title":"Mechanisms behind intrauterine device-induced luteal persistence in mares","volume":"107","author":"Rivera Del Alamo","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.07.013","article-title":"The effect of intrauterine devices on the reproductive physiology and behaviour of pony mares","volume":"186","author":"Argo","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Clin Theriogenol","first-page":"410","article-title":"Marble-induced pyometra in an Appaloosa mare","volume":"5","author":"Klabnik-Bradford","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Complications related to the use of glass marbles in mares, in Proceedings. 60th Annu Conv Am Assoc Equine Pract","first-page":"317","volume":"60","author":"Diel de Amorim","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Equine Vet Educ","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.12311","article-title":"Complications associated with the presence of two intrauterine glass balls used for oestrus suppression in a mare","volume":"27","author":"Turner","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.247.4.346","article-title":"Is it time to retire the use of intrauterine glass balls for estrus suppression in mares?","volume":"247","author":"Vanderwall","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Equine reproduction","article-title":"Pyometra","author":"Lu"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1161","article-title":"Theriogenology question of the month. Pregnancy, pyometra, mucometra, hydrometra, hemorrhage, and urometra in Quarter Horse-Paint mare","volume":"235","author":"Tranquillo","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Glass Technol","first-page":"155","article-title":"Influence of environmental factors on the properties of high silica fibre glass","volume":"46","author":"Setina","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/249\/10\/javma.249.10.1196.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/249\/10\/javma.249.10.1196.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/249\/10\/javma.249.10.1196.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T11:50:37Z","timestamp":1741348237000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/249\/10\/javma.249.10.1196.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,15]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.249.10.1196","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,15]]}}}