{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T19:27:44Z","timestamp":1793734064641,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CASE DESCRIPTION<\/jats:bold> A 15-year-old neutered female mixed-breed dog (dog 1) and an 11-year-old neutered female Labrador Retriever (dog 2) were examined because of unilateral exophthalmus, third eyelid protrusion, and periorbital swelling that failed to respond to antimicrobial treatment.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CLINICAL FINDINGS<\/jats:bold> Both dogs underwent ultrasonographic, CT, and MRI examination of the head. In both dogs, advanced imaging revealed a poorly defined, peripherally contrast-enhancing, mucous-filled cystic mass that radiated from the temporomandibular joint and infiltrated the periorbital tissues and retrobulbar space. Both dogs underwent surgical biopsy of the periorbital mass. A viscous, straw-colored fluid was aspirated from the retrobulbar region in both dogs. The initial histologic diagnosis for dog 1 was zygomatic sialadenitis and sialocele. However, the clinical signs recurred, and histologic examination of specimens obtained during a second surgical biopsy resulted in a diagnosis of myxoma. The histologic diagnosis was myxosarcoma for dog 2.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>TREATMENT AND OUTCOME<\/jats:bold> In both dogs, clinical signs recurred within 2 weeks after surgery and persisted for the duration of their lives. Dog 1 received no further treatment after the second surgery and was euthanized 34 months after initial examination because of multicentric lymphoma. Dog 2 was treated with various chemotherapy agents and was euthanized 11 months after initial examination because of a dramatic increase in periocular swelling and respiratory stertor.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold> Temporomandibular myxomatous neoplasia can be confused with zygomatic sialocele on the basis of clinical signs but has characteristic MRI features. Representative biopsy specimens should be obtained from areas close to the temporomandibular joint to avoid misdiagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.249.11.1301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,22]],"date-time":"2016-11-22T17:20:24Z","timestamp":1479835224000},"page":"1301-1307","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Clinical, computed tomographic, magnetic resonance imaging, and histologic findings associated with myxomatous neoplasia of the temporomandibular joint in two dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"249","author":[{"given":"Arana","family":"Parslow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-5882","article-title":"Zygomatic salivary gland diseases in the dog: three cases diagnosed by MRI","volume":"49","author":"Boland","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-37-6-557","article-title":"Ultrasonographic findings in 50 dogs with retrobulbar disease","volume":"37","author":"Mason","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2008.00361.x","article-title":"Imaging features of orbital myxosarcoma in dogs","volume":"49","author":"Dennis","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Comp Ophthalmol","first-page":"34","article-title":"Frontal sinus mucocoele in a dog presenting with intermittent, profuse ocular discharge","volume":"4","author":"Hakanson","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"465","article-title":"Salivary gland disease in dogs and cats: 245 cases (1985\u20131988)","volume":"198","author":"Spangler","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"561","article-title":"Salivary gland tumors in dogs and cats: a literature and case review","volume":"24","author":"Carberry","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-37-5-478","article-title":"Salivary gland neoplasia in the dog and cat: survival times and prognostic factors","volume":"37","author":"Hammer","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1992.tb01177.x","article-title":"Canine sialoceles\u201460 clinical cases","volume":"33","author":"Bellenger","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1972.tb06880.x","article-title":"Canine salivary mucocoeles. 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