{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T08:25:28Z","timestamp":1788942328505,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold> To investigate the prevalence and type of laryngeal abnormalities in dogs examined because of cough that did not have signs of upper airway disease and to compare the prevalence of those abnormalities among dogs with various respiratory tract diseases.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>DESIGN<\/jats:bold> Prospective study.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>ANIMALS<\/jats:bold> 138 dogs with cough that did not have signs of upper airway disease.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>PROCEDURES<\/jats:bold> The study was conducted between July 2001 and October 2014 and included dogs examined for cough that had laryngoscopic and bronchoscopic examinations performed by 1 examiner. Laryngeal hyperemia and swelling were recorded, and laryngeal function was assessed before and after doxapram stimulation when indicated. Results were compared among dogs on the basis of cough duration (acute [&lt; 2 weeks], subacute [2 weeks to 2 months], and chronic [&gt; 2 months]) and disease diagnosed (inflammatory airway disease, airway collapse, lower respiratory tract infection, and eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold> Laryngeal hyperemia was detected in 73 of 134 (54%) dogs with cough of subacute or chronic duration, and its prevalence did not vary significantly among dogs with various diseases. Thirteen dogs had laryngeal paresis, and 13 dogs had laryngeal paralysis; dysphonia (n = 2) and stridor (1) were uncommon findings in those dogs. The prevalence of laryngeal dysfunction (paresis or paralysis) did not differ significantly among diseases.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold> Results indicated that 26 of 138 (19%) dogs examined because of cough alone had laryngeal dysfunction, which suggested that a complete laryngoscopic examination should be included in the diagnostic evaluation of dogs with cough.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.249.2.195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,5]],"date-time":"2016-07-05T18:32:59Z","timestamp":1467743579000},"page":"195-201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Laryngeal structure and function in dogs with cough"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"249","author":[{"given":"Lynelle R.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"714","article-title":"Spontaneous laryngeal paralysis in young Bouviers","volume":"14","author":"Venker van Haagen","year":"1978"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.143.7.196","article-title":"Laryngeal rhabdomyoma in a Golden Retriever","volume":"143","author":"Clercx","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1998.tb02131.x","article-title":"Laryngeal paralysis-polyneuropathy complex in young Rottweilers","volume":"12","author":"Mahony","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Veterinary surgery: small animal","first-page":"1718","article-title":"Larynx","author":"Monnet","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Am J Gastroenterol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.40170.x","article-title":"The role of gastric and duodenal agents in laryngeal injury: an experimental canine model","volume":"99","author":"Adhami","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2006.03.001","article-title":"Vagal afferent nerves regulating the cough reflex","volume":"152","author":"Canning","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Toxicol Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230600695631","article-title":"Types and patterns of response in the larynx following inhalation","volume":"34","author":"Renne","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Cough","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-9974-9-16","article-title":"The larynx in cough","volume":"9","author":"Sandhu","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.1949","article-title":"Outcome of and postoperative complications in dogs undergoing surgical treatment of laryngeal paralysis: 140 cases (1985\u20131998)","volume":"218","author":"MacPhail","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.228.8.1215","article-title":"Postoperative results of unilateral arytenoid lateralization for treatment of idiopathic laryngeal paralysis in dogs: 39 cases (1996\u20132002)","volume":"228","author":"Hammel","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.233.11.1748","article-title":"Etiology and clinical outcome in dogs with aspiration pneumonia: 88 cases (2004\u20132006)","volume":"233","author":"Kogan","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Curr Otorhinolaryngol Rep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1007\/s40136-013-0018-5","article-title":"Neurophysiology and clinical implications of the laryngeal adductor reflex","volume":"1","author":"Domer","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.240.9.1100","article-title":"Gastroesophageal reflux and laryngeal dysfunction in a dog","volume":"240","author":"Lux","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Cough","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-9974-9-10","article-title":"Refractory chronic cough, or the need to focus on the relationship between the larynx and the esophagus","volume":"9","author":"Pacheco","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Chest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-1481","article-title":"Anatomy and neurophysiology of cough. CHEST guideline and expert panel report","volume":"146","author":"Canning","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Laryngoscope","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20985","article-title":"Laryngeal sensory deficits in patients with chronic cough and paradoxical vocal fold movement disorder","volume":"120","author":"Murry","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Pulm Pharmacol Ther","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2011.01.012","article-title":"Chronic \u2018cough hypersensitivity syndrome\u201d: a more precise label for a chronic syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Chung","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Eur Respir J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00218613","article-title":"Expert opinion on the cough hypersensitivity syndrome in respiratory medicine","volume":"44","author":"Morice","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2001.tb00949.x","article-title":"The role of ultrasound in the assessment of laryngeal paralysis in the dog","volume":"42","author":"Rudorf","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2009.00506.x","article-title":"Comparison of three clinical techniques for the diagnosis of laryngeal paralysis in dogs","volume":"38","author":"Radlinsky","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.5326\/0380503","article-title":"A comparison of thiopental, propofol, and diazepam-ketamine anesthesia for evaluation of laryngeal function in dogs premedicated with butorphanol-glycopyrrolate","volume":"38","author":"Gross","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950x.2004.04016.x","article-title":"Effects of various anesthetic agents on laryngeal motion during laryngoscopy in normal dogs","volume":"33","author":"Jackson","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2004.00168.x","article-title":"Effects of doxapram HCl on laryngeal function of normal dogs and dogs with naturally occurring laryngeal paralysis","volume":"31","author":"Tobias","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"Aust Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2000.tb10449.x","article-title":"Prevalence of laryngeal paresis in dogs undergoing general anaesthesia","volume":"78","author":"Broome","year":"2000"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/249\/2\/javma.249.2.195.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/249\/2\/javma.249.2.195.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/249\/2\/javma.249.2.195.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T23:40:18Z","timestamp":1696549218000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/249\/2\/javma.249.2.195.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,15]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.249.2.195","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,15]]}}}