{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:39:28Z","timestamp":1791819568460,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold>\n                    To characterize the epidemiological, clinical, and echocardiographic features of dogs and cats with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and determine their survival times.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>DESIGN<\/jats:bold>\n                    Retrospective case series.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>ANIMALS<\/jats:bold>\n                    15 dogs and 16 cats with a diagnosis of TOF as determined via echocardiography.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>PROCEDURES<\/jats:bold>\n                    Medical records of dogs and cats were reviewed to extract information on signalment, clinical status at the time of TOF diagnosis, echocardiographic findings, and any outcome data.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold>\n                    The most common canine breeds were terrier types (n = 7). Most animals (28\/31 [90%]) had clinical signs of TOF at the time of diagnosis, including cyanosis (16\/31 [52%]). Pulmonic stenosis was characterized by a variable systolic Doppler-derived pressure gradient (median [range], 108 mm Hg [26 to 255 mm Hg]). Most ventricular septal defects were large, with a median (range) ratio of the diameter of the ventricular septal defect to that of the aorta of 0.60 (0.18 to 1.15). Median age at cardiac-related death was 23.4 months, with no significant difference between dogs and cats. Median survival time from TOF diagnosis to cardiac-related death was briefer for animals with no or low-grade heart murmur (3.4 months) than for those with higher-grade heart murmur (16.4 months). After adjustment for age and sex, having a lack of or a low- to mild-grade systolic heart murmur was significantly associated with a briefer survival time.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold>\n                    With a few exceptions, cardiac-related death occurred predominantly in young adult dogs and cats with TOF, and most animals had severe clinical signs at the time of TOF diagnosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.249.8.909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]],"date-time":"2016-10-04T14:34:32Z","timestamp":1475591672000},"page":"909-917","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Epidemiological, clinical, and echocardiographic features and survival times of dogs and cats with tetralogy of Fallot: 31 cases 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