{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T07:39:45Z","timestamp":1784360385118,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,15]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\nOBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold> To describe the technique and outcome for male dogs undergoing rigid urethrocystoscopy via a novel percutaneous, fluoroscopic-assisted perineal approach.<\/jats:p>\nDESIGN<\/jats:bold> Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\nANIMALS<\/jats:bold> 19 client-owned male dogs.<\/jats:p>\nPROCEDURES<\/jats:bold> Medical records of male dogs that underwent urethrocystoscopy via a percutaneous perineal approach for treatment of a variety of conditions from 2005 through 2014 were reviewed. Signalment, history, pertinent diagnostic imaging results, endourologic and postprocedure details, duration of hospitalization, complications, and outcome (short-term, < 1 month; long-term, \u2265 1 month) were recorded. After flexible urethrocystoscopy, direct percutaneous perineal needle puncture and guidewire placement by means of fluoroscopic guidance (with or without ultrasonography) allowed access to the urethral lumen. The perineal tract was subsequently serially dilated to accommodate a peel-away sheath and rigid endoscope. Rigid urethrocystoscopy was performed, and on completion of endourologic procedures, the access site was left to heal by second intention.<\/jats:p>\nRESULTS<\/jats:bold> 19 male dogs successfully underwent 20 procedures. No intraoperative complications were reported. Short-term outcome was good (ie, mild perineal urine leakage) for 3 dogs and excellent (ie, no abnormalities with urination) for 16. Long-term outcome was excellent for the 17 dogs for which follow-up information was available.<\/jats:p>\nCONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold> A percutaneous fluoroscopic-assisted perineal approach (with or without ultrasonography) allowed access to the pelvic urethra with no major complications in the present series of patients. This minimally invasive approach may be a valuable tool for endourologic procedures in male dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.249.8.918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]],"date-time":"2016-10-04T18:34:32Z","timestamp":1475606072000},"page":"918-925","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Rigid urethrocystoscopy via a percutaneous fluoroscopic-assisted perineal approach in male dogs: 19 cases (2005\u20132014)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"249","author":[{"given":"Kim","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chick","family":"Weisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allyson C.","family":"Berent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1381758","article-title":"Endourology and interventional radiology of the urinary tract","volume":"17","author":"Berent","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X13516572","article-title":"New techniques on the horizon: interventional radiology and interventional endoscopy of the urinary tract (\u2018endourology\u2019)","volume":"16","author":"Berent","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Clin Tech Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ctsap.2004.12.008","article-title":"Cystoscopy: techniques and clinical applications","volume":"20","author":"Messer","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"849","article-title":"Diagnostic rigid endoscopy: otoscopy, rhinos-copy, and cystoscopy","volume":"3","author":"Rawlings","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2013.11.007","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of urinary ectopia","volume":"44","author":"Davidson","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Res Vet Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)30875-0","article-title":"A percutaneous perineal approach for cystoscopy in male dogs","volume":"44","author":"Brearley","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.115.22.571","article-title":"Cystoscopic examination of male and female dogs","volume":"115","author":"Cooper","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.239.3.350","article-title":"Results of biopsy via transurethral cystoscopy and cystotomy for diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and urethra in dogs: 92 cases (2003\u20132008)","volume":"239","author":"Childress","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.232.7.1026","article-title":"Use of cystoscopic-guided laser ablation for treatment of intramural ureteral ectopia in male dogs: four cases (2006\u20132007)","volume":"232","author":"Berent","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.11.1556","article-title":"Endoscopic-guided sclerotherapy for renal-sparing treatment of idiopathic renal hematuria in dogs: 6 cases (2010\u20132012)","volume":"242","author":"Berent","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Veterinary surgery: small animal","first-page":"1993","article-title":"Urethra","author":"Bleedorn","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1985.tb00865.x","article-title":"The canine urethra: a comparison of first and second intention healing","volume":"14","author":"Waldron","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1309","article-title":"Comparison of the healing of prescrotal urethrotomy incisions in the dog: sutured versus nonsutured","volume":"46","author":"Weber","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1987.tb00933.x","article-title":"Intrapelvic urethral anastomosis. A comparison of three techniques","volume":"16","author":"Layton","year":"1987"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/249\/8\/javma.249.8.918.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/249\/8\/javma.249.8.918.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/249\/8\/javma.249.8.918.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T11:51:18Z","timestamp":1741348278000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/249\/8\/javma.249.8.918.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,15]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.249.8.918","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,15]]}}}