{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T17:43:28Z","timestamp":1793468608553,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n CASE DESCRIPTION<\/jats:bold>\n A 13-year-old female green iguana (\n Iguana iguana<\/jats:italic>\n ) was examined because of a 6-day history of vomiting, anorexia, and lethargy and a 4-day history of decreased fecal and urate output.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n CLINICAL FINDINGS<\/jats:bold>\n Physical examination revealed a distended abdomen, signs of depression, pallor, tachycardia, harsh lung sounds, and vomiting. Abdominal radiographs revealed gas distention of the stomach and small intestine with fluid lines evident on the lateral view. Plasma biochemical analysis indicated hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis, hyperglycemia, and hyperuricemia.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n TREATMENT AND OUTCOME<\/jats:bold>\n Exploratory laparotomy confirmed a diagnosis of small intestinal entrapment and 170\u00b0 volvulus involving approximately 80% (20 to 30 cm) of the small intestine. The portion of the small intestine extending from the middle portion of the duodenum to the caudal extent of the ileum was resected, and end-to-end anastomosis of the remaining small intestine was performed. The iguana recovered without apparent complications and was reportedly doing well 1 year after surgery.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold>\n Findings suggested that iguanas, as hindgut fermenters, may tolerate > 70% resection of the small intestine with a good outcome and no clinical evidence of residual gastrointestinal dysfunction.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.249.9.1061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,21]],"date-time":"2016-10-21T10:15:02Z","timestamp":1477044902000},"page":"1061-1066","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Proximal duodenoileal anastomosis for treatment of small intestinal obstruction and volvulus in a green iguana (Iguana iguana)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"249","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Wills","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugues","family":"Beaufr\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwyneth","family":"Watrous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle L.","family":"Oblak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale A.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Current therapy in reptile medicine and surgery","first-page":"382","article-title":"Reptile formulary and laboratory normals","author":"Carpenter","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.72.11.1519","article-title":"Selected cardiopulmonary values and baroreceptor reflex in conscious green iguanas (Iguana iguana)","volume":"72","author":"Hernandez","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Veterinary emergency and critical care","first-page":"403","article-title":"Acid-base assessment","author":"Mathews","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2001.tb00979.x","article-title":"Gastrointestinal studies in the green iguana: technique and reference values","volume":"42","author":"Smith","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"511","article-title":"Gastrointestinal obstruction caused by a radiolucent foreign body in a green iguana (Iguana iguana)","volume":"51","author":"B\u00fcker","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med","first-page":"505","article-title":"Clinical challenge: case 2","volume":"22","author":"Bradley","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2005.01.008","article-title":"Clinical reptile gastroenterology","volume":"8","author":"Mitchell","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Biology, medicine, and surgery of South American wild animals","first-page":"34","article-title":"Iguana medicine and surgery","author":"Lightfoot","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Sem Avian Exotic Pet Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/S1055-937X(99)80041-3","article-title":"Reptilian gastrointestinal diseases","volume":"8","author":"Benson","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med","first-page":"158","article-title":"Lymphosarcoma with leukemic blood profile in a Savannah monitor lizard (Varanus exanthematicus)","volume":"30","author":"Schultze","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1638\/1042-7260(2000)031[0221:IVASAW]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Intestinal volvulus and stricture associated with a leiomyoma in a green turtle (Chelonia mydas)","volume":"31","author":"Helmick","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1638\/2006-0018R.1","article-title":"Lethal Ozolaimus megatyphlon infection in a green iguana (Iguana iguana rhinolopa)","volume":"38","author":"Loukopoulos","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.229.12.1934","article-title":"Risk factors associated with short-term outcome and development of perioperative complications in dogs undergoing surgery because of gastric dilatation-volvulus: 166 cases (1992\u20132003)","volume":"229","author":"Beck","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"438","article-title":"Long-term survival of equine surgical colic cases. Part 2: modelling postoperative survival","volume":"34","author":"Proudman","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Oecologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00396761","article-title":"Diet selection and digestion in Iguana iguana: the importance of age and nutrient requirements","volume":"61","author":"Troyer","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Biology of the Reptilia","first-page":"589","article-title":"Physiology of the digestive tract","volume":"Volume 8","author":"Skoczylas","year":"1978"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Physiol Zool","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1086\/physzool.57.1.30155960","article-title":"Structure and function of the digestive tract of a herbivorous lizard Iguana iguana","volume":"57","author":"Troyer","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Physiol Zool","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1086\/physzool.65.3.30157975","article-title":"Digestion in an ectothermic herbivore, the green iguana (Iguana iguana): effect of food composition and body temperature","volume":"65","author":"van Marken Lichtenbelt","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"J Exp Zool Suppl","first-page":"55","article-title":"Hindgut fermentations in nonavian species","volume":"3","author":"McBee","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Biology of the Reptilia","first-page":"335","article-title":"Regulations of acid-base balance in reptiles","volume":"Volume 5","author":"Howell","year":"1976"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Current therapy in reptile medicine and surgery","first-page":"70","article-title":"Clinical pathology","author":"Campbell","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.100321","article-title":"Clinical value of blood glucose measurement in pet rabbits","volume":"170","author":"Harcourt-Brown","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"J Vet Intern 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Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1638\/2006-0018R.1","article-title":"Lethal Ozolaimus megatyphlon infection in a green iguana (Iguana iguana rhinolopa)","volume":"38","author":"Loukopoulos","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.229.12.1934","article-title":"Risk factors associated with short-term outcome and development of perioperative complications in dogs undergoing surgery because of gastric dilatation-volvulus: 166 cases (1992\u20132003)","volume":"229","author":"Beck","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"438","article-title":"Long-term survival of equine surgical colic cases. Part 2: modelling postoperative survival","volume":"34","author":"Proudman","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Oecologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00396761","article-title":"Diet selection and digestion in Iguana iguana: the importance of age and nutrient requirements","volume":"61","author":"Troyer","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Biology of the Reptilia","first-page":"589","article-title":"Physiology of the digestive tract","volume":"Volume 8","author":"Skoczylas","year":"1978"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Physiol Zool","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1086\/physzool.57.1.30155960","article-title":"Structure and function of the digestive tract of a herbivorous lizard Iguana iguana","volume":"57","author":"Troyer","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Physiol Zool","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1086\/physzool.65.3.30157975","article-title":"Digestion in an ectothermic herbivore, the green iguana (Iguana iguana): effect of food composition and body temperature","volume":"65","author":"van Marken Lichtenbelt","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"J Exp Zool Suppl","first-page":"55","article-title":"Hindgut fermentations in nonavian species","volume":"3","author":"McBee","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Biology of the Reptilia","first-page":"335","article-title":"Regulations of acid-base balance in reptiles","volume":"Volume 5","author":"Howell","year":"1976"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Current therapy in reptile medicine and surgery","first-page":"70","article-title":"Clinical pathology","author":"Campbell","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.100321","article-title":"Clinical value of blood glucose measurement in pet rabbits","volume":"170","author":"Harcourt-Brown","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2009.0395.x","article-title":"Association between hyperglycemia and survival in 228 horses with acute gastrointestinal disease","volume":"23","author":"Hassel","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/249\/9\/javma.249.9.1061.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/249\/9\/javma.249.9.1061.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/249\/9\/javma.249.9.1061.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T20:08:52Z","timestamp":1775765332000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/249\/9\/javma.249.9.1061.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.249.9.1061","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]]}}}