{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T20:53:30Z","timestamp":1793393610206,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Canine osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative joint disease causing pain and mobility impairment. While the disease is incurable, multimodal management including regenerative therapies like platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can improve outcomes. However, protocol standardization remains a challenge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a PRISMA (ie, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses)\u2013compliant systematic review of peer-reviewed studies evaluating intra-articular PRP for canine OA. Included studies reported functional or pain outcomes. The Cochrane robvis tool was used to assess risk of bias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 18 studies comprising 379 dogs were included. Hips were most frequently treated (10 of 18 studies). Most protocols used single injections (13 of 18 studies), with substantial reporting gaps: 8 of 18 studies lacked platelet concentration data, 6 of 18 omitted activation methods, and only 7 of 18 provided sufficient detail for PRP classification (leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma or leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma). Objective gait analysis appeared in 7 of 18 studies. All studies reported significant pain\/function improvement, though 8 articles showed high risk of bias due to inadequate randomization or blinding. Adverse events were reported in 6 publications as mild and transient local pain or lameness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PRP demonstrates potential for canine OA management, but protocol heterogeneity and methodological limitations preclude definitive efficacy conclusions. While observational data indicated potentially enhanced effects when PRP is combined with adjunctive treatments like physical therapy or orthobiologics, these findings required validation through rigorously controlled, multi-institutional trials employing standardized protocols and objective outcome measures to successfully claim improved efficacy. Future research should prioritize comprehensive reporting of PRP preparation methods and incorporate objective outcome measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.25.01.0033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T17:18:05Z","timestamp":1757092685000},"page":"1434-1443","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Intra-articular use of platelet-rich plasma and its derivatives in canine osteoarthritis: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"263","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2279-4553","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Cardona-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"One Health and Veterinary Innovative Research and Development Research Group, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, Universidad de Antioquia, Medell\u00edn, Colombia"},{"name":"Small Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, Universidad de Antioquia, Medell\u00edn, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6130-3425","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Preston N.","family":"Wolfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthobiologics Department, Arthrex Inc, Naples, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalia M.","family":"Correa-Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CENTAURO Research Group, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, Universidad de Antioquia, Medell\u00edn, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"81","article-title":"A prospective, randomized, masked, and placebo-controlled efficacy study of intraarticular allogeneic adipose stem cells for the treatment of osteoarthritis in dogs","volume":"3","author":"Harman R","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harman R, Carlson K, Gaynor J,  A prospective, randomized, masked, and placebo-controlled efficacy study of intraarticular allogeneic adipose stem cells for the treatment of osteoarthritis in dogs. Front Vet Sci. 2016;3:81. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2016.00081"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref2","series-title":"Acta Vet Hung","first-page":"376","article-title":"The use of canine mesenchymal stem cells for the autologous treatment of osteoarthritis","volume":"66","author":"Srzenti\u0107 Dra\u017eilov S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Srzenti\u0107 Dra\u017eilov S, Mrkova\u010dki J, Spasovski V, Fazlagi\u0107 A, Pavlovi\u0107 S, Nik\u010devi\u0107 G. The use of canine mesenchymal stem cells for the autologous treatment of osteoarthritis. Acta Vet Hung. 2018;66(3):376-389. doi:10.1556\/004.2018.034"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Res Vet Sci","first-page":"513","article-title":"Study of bilateral elbow joint osteoarthritis treatment using conditioned medium from allogeneic adipose tissue-derived MSCs in Labrador Retrievers","volume":"132","author":"Hu\u0148\u00e1kov\u00e1 K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hu\u0148\u00e1kov\u00e1 K, Hluch\u00fd M, \u0160pakov\u00e1 T,  Study of bilateral elbow joint osteoarthritis treatment using conditioned medium from allogeneic adipose tissue-derived MSCs in Labrador Retrievers. Res Vet Sci. 2020;132:513-520. doi:10.1016\/j.rvsc.2020.08.004"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"220","article-title":"Risk factors for canine osteoarthritis and its predisposing arthropathies: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Anderson KL","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anderson KL, Zulch H, O\u2019Neill DG, Meeson RL, Collins LM. Risk factors for canine osteoarthritis and its predisposing arthropathies: a systematic review. Front Vet Sci. 2020;7:220. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2020.00220"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref5","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1089","article-title":"Effect of weight reduction on clinical signs of lameness in dogs with hip osteoarthritis","volume":"216","author":"Impellizeri JA","year":"2000","unstructured":"Impellizeri JA, Tetrick MA, Muir P. Effect of weight reduction on clinical signs of lameness in dogs with hip osteoarthritis. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2000;216(7):1089-1091. doi:10.2460\/javma.2000.216.1089"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref6","series-title":"J Vet Med Sci","first-page":"881","article-title":"Chronic pain and gait analysis in dogs with degenerative hip joint disease treated with repeated intra-articular injections of platelet-rich plasma or allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells","volume":"83","author":"Okamoto-Okubo CE","year":"2021","unstructured":"Okamoto-Okubo CE, Cassu RN, Joaquim JGF,  Chronic pain and gait analysis in dogs with degenerative hip joint disease treated with repeated intra-articular injections of platelet-rich plasma or allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells. J Vet Med Sci. 2021;83(5):881-888. doi:10.1292\/jvms.20-0730"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref7","series-title":"Acta Vet Scand","first-page":"30","article-title":"Veterinarians\u2019 role in clients\u2019 decision-making regarding seriously ill companion animal patients","volume":"58","author":"Christiansen SB","year":"2016","unstructured":"Christiansen SB, Kristensen AT, Lassen J, Sand\u00f8e P. Veterinarians\u2019 role in clients\u2019 decision-making regarding seriously ill companion animal patients. Acta Vet Scand. 2016;58(1):30. doi:10.1186\/s13028-016-0211-x"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Vet Med (Auckl)","first-page":"53","article-title":"The use of autologous protein solution (Pro-Stride) and leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma (Restigen) in canine medicine","volume":"12","author":"King W","year":"2021","unstructured":"King W, Cawood K, Bookmiller M. The use of autologous protein solution (Pro-Stride) and leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma (Restigen) in canine medicine. Vet Med (Auckl). 2021;12:53-65. doi:10.2147\/VMRR.S286913"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Vet Med (Auckl)","first-page":"31","article-title":"Assessment of a single intra-articular stifle injection of pure platelet rich plasma on symmetry indices in dogs with unilateral or bilateral stifle osteoarthritis from long-term medically managed cranial cruciate ligament disease","volume":"11","author":"Venator KP","year":"2020","unstructured":"Venator KP, Frye CW, Gamble LJ, Wakshlag JJ. Assessment of a single intra-articular stifle injection of pure platelet rich plasma on symmetry indices in dogs with unilateral or bilateral stifle osteoarthritis from long-term medically managed cranial cruciate ligament disease. Vet Med (Auckl). 2020;11:31-38. doi:10.2147\/VMRR.S238598"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref10","series-title":"Int J Mol Sci","first-page":"13437","article-title":"Hip osteoarthritis in dogs: a randomized study using mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue and plasma rich in growth factors","volume":"15","author":"Cuervo B","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cuervo B, Rubio M, Sopena J,  Hip osteoarthritis in dogs: a randomized study using mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue and plasma rich in growth factors. Int J Mol Sci. 2014;15(8):13437-13460. doi:10.3390\/ijms150813437"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref11","series-title":"Open Vet J","first-page":"226","article-title":"Treatment of canine osteoarthritis with allogeneic platelet-rich plasma: review of five cases","volume":"10","author":"Catarino J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Catarino J, Carvalho P, Santos S, Martins \u00c2, Requicha J. Treatment of canine osteoarthritis with allogeneic platelet-rich plasma: review of five cases. Open Vet J. 2020;10(2):226-231. doi:10.4314\/ovj.v10i2.12"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref12","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"3118","article-title":"Intraarticular triamcinolone hexacetonide, stanozolol, Hylan G-F 20 and platelet concentrate in a naturally occurring canine osteoarthritis model","volume":"11","author":"Alves JC","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alves JC, Santos A, Jorge P, Lavrador C, Carreira LM. Intraarticular triamcinolone hexacetonide, stanozolol, Hylan G-F 20 and platelet concentrate in a naturally occurring canine osteoarthritis model. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):3118. doi:10.1038\/s41598-021-82795-z"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"US FDA","author":"FDA announces decision for a tissue-based product for use in dogs","year":"2024","unstructured":"FDA announces decision for a tissue-based product for use in dogs. US FDA. April 26, 2024. Accessed December 9, 2024. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/animal-veterinary\/cvm-updates\/fda-announces-decision-tissue-based-product-use-dogs"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref14","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"822","article-title":"Characteristics of canine platelet-rich plasma prepared with five commercially available systems","volume":"76","author":"Franklin SP","year":"2015","unstructured":"Franklin SP, Garner BC, Cook JL. Characteristics of canine platelet-rich plasma prepared with five commercially available systems. Am J Vet Res. 2015;76(9):822-827. doi:10.2460\/ajvr.76.9.822"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"BioMed Res Int","first-page":"7538604","article-title":"Responders to platelet-rich plasma in osteoarthritis: a technical analysis","volume":"2017","author":"Milants C","year":"2017","unstructured":"Milants C, Bruy\u00e8re O, Kaux JF. Responders to platelet-rich plasma in osteoarthritis: a technical analysis. BioMed Res Int. 2017;2017:7538604. doi:10.1155\/2017\/7538604"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref16","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"809","article-title":"Minimum information for studies evaluating biologics in orthopaedics (MIBO): platelet-rich plasma and mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"99","author":"Murray IR","year":"2017","unstructured":"Murray IR, Geeslin AG, Goudie EB, Petrigliano FA, LaPrade RF. Minimum information for studies evaluating biologics in orthopaedics (MIBO): platelet-rich plasma and mesenchymal stem cells. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2017;99(10):809-819. doi:10.2106\/JBJS.16.00793"},{"issue":"71","key":"ref17","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM,  The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372(71):n71. doi:10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref18","series-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod","first-page":"1321","article-title":"Systematic review of the prevalence of paratuberculosis in cattle, sheep, and goats in Latin America and the Caribbean","volume":"46","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Silva JA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Silva JA, Correa-Valencia NM, Ram\u00edrez NF. Systematic review of the prevalence of paratuberculosis in cattle, sheep, and goats in Latin America and the Caribbean. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2014;46(8):1321-1340. doi:10.1007\/s11250-014-0656-8"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref19","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"433","article-title":"Searching for veterinary evidence: strategies and resources for locating clinical research","volume":"37","author":"Murphy SA","year":"2007","unstructured":"Murphy SA. Searching for veterinary evidence: strategies and resources for locating clinical research. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2007;37(3):433-445. doi:10.1016\/j.cvsm.2007.01.003"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref20","series-title":"Arch Razi Inst","first-page":"721","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of platelet-rich plasma in canine medicine","volume":"76","author":"Sharun K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharun K, Jambagi K, Dhama K, Kumar R, Pawde AM, Amarpal. Therapeutic potential of platelet-rich plasma in canine medicine. Arch Razi Inst. 2021;76(4):721-730. doi:10.22092\/ari.2021.355953.1749"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Top Companion Anim Med","first-page":"100840","article-title":"Therapeutic applications of canine platelets and their derivatives: a narrative review","volume":"58","author":"Bharti D","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bharti D, Ajith Y, Sharun K,  Therapeutic applications of canine platelets and their derivatives: a narrative review. Top Companion Anim Med. 2024;58:100840. doi:10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100840"},{"issue":"S1","key":"ref22","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"S8","article-title":"Literature review details and supports the application of platelet-rich plasma products in canine medicine, particularly as an orthobiologic agent for osteoarthritis","volume":"262","author":"Carr BJ","year":"2024","unstructured":"Carr BJ, Miller AV, Colbath AC, Peralta S, Frye CW. Literature review details and supports the application of platelet-rich plasma products in canine medicine, particularly as an orthobiologic agent for osteoarthritis. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2024;262(S1):S8-S15. doi:10.2460\/javma.23.12.0692"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref23","series-title":"Arthroscopy","first-page":"998","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma: the PAW classification system","volume":"28","author":"DeLong JM","year":"2012","unstructured":"DeLong JM, Russell RP, Mazzocca AD. Platelet-rich plasma: the PAW classification system. Arthroscopy. 2012;28(7):998-1009. doi:10.1016\/j.arthro.2012.04.148"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref24","series-title":"Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil","first-page":"e335","article-title":"Double-spin leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma is predominantly lymphocyte rich with notable concentrations of other white blood cell subtypes","volume":"4","author":"Marathe A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marathe A, Patel SJ, Song B,  Double-spin leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma is predominantly lymphocyte rich with notable concentrations of other white blood cell subtypes. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil. 2021;4(2):e335-e341. doi:10.1016\/j.asmr.2021.10.004"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref25","series-title":"Res Synth Methods","first-page":"55","article-title":"Risk-of-bias VISualization (robvis): an R package and Shiny web app for visualizing risk-of-bias assessments","volume":"12","author":"McGuinness LA","year":"2021","unstructured":"McGuinness LA, Higgins JPT. Risk-of-bias VISualization (robvis): an R package and Shiny web app for visualizing risk-of-bias assessments. Res Synth Methods. 2021;12(1):55-61. doi:10.1002\/jrsm.1411"},{"issue":"oct18 2","key":"ref26","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"d5928","article-title":"Cochrane Bias Methods Group; Cochrane Statistical Methods Group. The Cochrane Collaboration\u2019s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins JPT","year":"2011","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Altman DG, G\u00f8tzsche PC, ; Cochrane Bias Methods Group; Cochrane Statistical Methods Group. The Cochrane Collaboration\u2019s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2011;343(oct18 2):d5928. doi:10.1136\/bmj.d5928"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Version 5.1","first-page":"182","article-title":"Assessing risk of bias in included studies","author":"Higgins JP","year":"2011","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Altman DG, Sterne JA. Assessing risk of bias in included studies. In: Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Version 5.1. The Cochrane Collaboration; 2011:182-228. https:\/\/www.cochrane.org\/authors\/handbooks-and-manuals\/handbook"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref28","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1291","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of the efficacy of autologous platelet therapy for the treatment of osteoarthritis in dogs","volume":"243","author":"Fahie MA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fahie MA, Ortolano GA, Guercio V,  A randomized controlled trial of the efficacy of autologous platelet therapy for the treatment of osteoarthritis in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2013;243(9):1291-1297. doi:10.2460\/javma.243.9.1291"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref29","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"881","article-title":"Prospective trial of autologous conditioned plasma versus hyaluronan plus corticosteroid for elbow osteoarthritis in dogs","volume":"54","author":"Franklin SP","year":"2013","unstructured":"Franklin SP, Cook JL. Prospective trial of autologous conditioned plasma versus hyaluronan plus corticosteroid for elbow osteoarthritis in dogs. Can Vet J. 2013;54(9):881-884."},{"issue":"9","key":"ref30","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"940","article-title":"Effects of administration of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction and platelet-rich plasma to dogs with osteoarthritis of the hip joints","volume":"77","author":"Upchurch DA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Upchurch DA, Renberg WC, Roush JK, Milliken GA, Weiss ML. Effects of administration of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction and platelet-rich plasma to dogs with osteoarthritis of the hip joints. Am J Vet Res. 2016;77(9):940-951. doi:10.2460\/ajvr.77.9.940"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref31","series-title":"Acta Vet Brno","first-page":"127","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 activity after intra-articular injection of autologous platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of osteoarthritis in dogs","volume":"87","author":"Arican M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arican M, Simsek A, Parlak K, Atli K, Sonmez G. Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 activity after intra-articular injection of autologous platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of osteoarthritis in dogs. Acta Vet Brno. 2018;87(2):127-135. doi:10.2754\/avb201887020127"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref32","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"599","article-title":"Management of osteoarthritis using 1 intra-articular platelet concentrate administration in a canine osteoarthritis model","volume":"49","author":"Alves JCA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alves JCA, Santos AMMPD, Jorge PIF, Lavrador CFTVB, Carreira LMA. Management of osteoarthritis using 1 intra-articular platelet concentrate administration in a canine osteoarthritis model. Am J Sports Med. 2021;49(3):599-608. doi:10.1177\/0363546520981558"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref33","series-title":"BMC Vet Res","first-page":"207","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma therapy in dogs with bilateral hip osteoarthritis","volume":"17","author":"Alves JC","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alves JC, Santos A, Jorge P. Platelet-rich plasma therapy in dogs with bilateral hip osteoarthritis. BMC Vet Res. 2021;17(1):207. doi:10.1186\/s12917-021-02913-x"},{"issue":"20","key":"ref34","series-title":"Animals (Basel)","first-page":"3247","article-title":"A preliminary report on the combined effect of intra-articular platelet-rich plasma injections and photobiomodulation in canine osteoarthritis","volume":"13","author":"Alves JC","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alves JC, Santos A, Carreira LM. A preliminary report on the combined effect of intra-articular platelet-rich plasma injections and photobiomodulation in canine osteoarthritis. Animals (Basel). 2023;13(20):3247. doi:10.3390\/ani13203247"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref35","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0149472","article-title":"Serum collagen type ii cleavage epitope and serum hyaluronic acid as biomarkers for treatment monitoring of dogs with hip osteoarthritis","volume":"11","author":"Vilar JM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vilar JM, Rubio M, Spinella G,  Serum collagen type ii cleavage epitope and serum hyaluronic acid as biomarkers for treatment monitoring of dogs with hip osteoarthritis. PLoS One. 2016;11(2):e0149472. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0149472"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref36","series-title":"Animals (Basel)","first-page":"175","article-title":"Objective comparison between platelet rich plasma alone and in combination with physical therapy in dogs with osteoarthritis caused by hip dysplasia","volume":"10","author":"Cuervo B","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cuervo B, Rubio M, Chicharro D,  Objective comparison between platelet rich plasma alone and in combination with physical therapy in dogs with osteoarthritis caused by hip dysplasia. Animals (Basel). 2020;10(2):175. doi:10.3390\/ani10020175"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref37","series-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord","first-page":"127","article-title":"A report on the use of a single intra-articular administration of autologous platelet therapy in a naturally occurring canine osteoarthritis model\u2014a preliminary study","volume":"21","author":"Alves JC","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alves JC, Santos A, Jorge P, Lavrador C, Carreira LM. A report on the use of a single intra-articular administration of autologous platelet therapy in a naturally occurring canine osteoarthritis model\u2014a preliminary study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2020;21(1):127. doi:10.1186\/s12891-020-3140-9"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref38","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0194752","article-title":"Effect of leukocyte-reduced platelet-rich plasma on osteoarthritis caused by cranial cruciate ligament rupture: a canine gait analysis model","volume":"13","author":"Vilar JM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vilar JM, Manera ME, Santana A,  Effect of leukocyte-reduced platelet-rich plasma on osteoarthritis caused by cranial cruciate ligament rupture: a canine gait analysis model. PLoS One. 2018;13(3):e0194752. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0194752"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref39","series-title":"Bone Joint Res","first-page":"650","article-title":"Clinical outcomes following intra-articular injection of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of osteoarthritis in dogs characterized by weight-bearing asymmetry","volume":"10","author":"Sanghani-Kerai A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sanghani-Kerai A, Black C, Cheng SO,  Clinical outcomes following intra-articular injection of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of osteoarthritis in dogs characterized by weight-bearing asymmetry. Bone Joint Res. 2021;10(10):650-658. doi:10.1302\/2046-3758.1010.BJR-2020-0540.R1"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref40","series-title":"Bulg J Vet Med","first-page":"601","article-title":"Application of platelet-rich plasma for canine osteoarthritis treatment\u2014a clinical series","volume":"24","author":"Aminkov KB","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aminkov KB, Mehandzhiyski NH, Aminkov BY, Zlateva-Panayotova NZ. Application of platelet-rich plasma for canine osteoarthritis treatment\u2014a clinical series. Bulg J Vet Med. 2021;24(4):601-607. doi:10.15547\/bjvm.2019-0095"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref41","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"1390","article-title":"Hybrid, transarticular external fixation with platelet-rich plasma injection as a treatment for partial calcaneal tendon disruption in dogs without primary tenorrhaphy","volume":"53","author":"Boharski RA","year":"2024","unstructured":"Boharski RA, Wheeler JL, Cross AR, Jackson J, Peterson S. Hybrid, transarticular external fixation with platelet-rich plasma injection as a treatment for partial calcaneal tendon disruption in dogs without primary tenorrhaphy. Vet Surg. 2024;53(8):1390-1398. doi:10.1111\/vsu.14164"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref42","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"977","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma as an orthobiologic: clinically relevant considerations","volume":"52","author":"Carr BJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carr BJ. Platelet-rich plasma as an orthobiologic: clinically relevant considerations. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2022;52(4):977-995. doi:10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.02.005"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref43","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"42","article-title":"Increasing platelet concentrations in leukocyte-reduced platelet-rich plasma decrease collagen gene synthesis in tendons","volume":"42","author":"Boswell SG","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boswell SG, Schnabel LV, Mohammed HO, Sundman EA, Minas T, Fortier LA. Increasing platelet concentrations in leukocyte-reduced platelet-rich plasma decrease collagen gene synthesis in tendons. Am J Sports Med. 2014;42(1):42-49. doi:10.1177\/0363546513507566"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref44","series-title":"EFORT Open Rev","first-page":"225","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma: a narrative review","volume":"6","author":"Collins T","year":"2021","unstructured":"Collins T, Alexander D, Barkatali B. Platelet-rich plasma: a narrative review. EFORT Open Rev. 2021;6(4):225-235. doi:10.1302\/2058-5241.6.200017"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref45","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"361","article-title":"Recording of suspected adverse drug reaction reporting in veterinary free-text clinical narratives","volume":"65","author":"Davies H","year":"2024","unstructured":"Davies H, Blackwell E, Fins IS,  Recording of suspected adverse drug reaction reporting in veterinary free-text clinical narratives. J Small Anim Pract. 2024;65(6):361-367. doi:10.1111\/jsap.13721"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref46","series-title":"BMC Vet Res","first-page":"143","article-title":"Assessment of the effect of intraarticular injection of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in osteoarthritic dogs using a double blinded force platform analysis","volume":"10","author":"Vilar JM","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vilar JM, Batista M, Morales M,  Assessment of the effect of intraarticular injection of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in osteoarthritic dogs using a double blinded force platform analysis. BMC Vet Res. 2014;10(1):143. doi:10.1186\/1746-6148-10-143"},{"key":"ref47","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"1418747","article-title":"Best practices for recruitment in veterinary clinical trials","volume":"11","author":"Quigley M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Quigley M, McKenna C, Webb TL. Best practices for recruitment in veterinary clinical trials. Front Vet Sci. 2024;11:1418747. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2024.1418747"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref48","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1314","article-title":"Caregiver placebo effect for dogs with lameness from osteoarthritis","volume":"241","author":"Conzemius MG","year":"2012","unstructured":"Conzemius MG, Evans RB. Caregiver placebo effect for dogs with lameness from osteoarthritis. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2012;241(10):1314-1319. doi:10.2460\/javma.241.10.1314"},{"key":"ref49","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"960957","article-title":"Levels of evidence, quality assessment, and risk of bias: evaluating the internal validity of primary research","volume":"9","author":"Sargeant JM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sargeant JM, Brennan ML, O\u2019Connor AM. Levels of evidence, quality assessment, and risk of bias: evaluating the internal validity of primary research. Front Vet Sci. 2022;9:960957. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2022.960957"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/263\/11\/javma.25.01.0033.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/263\/11\/javma.25.01.0033.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/263\/11\/javma.25.01.0033.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T16:34:01Z","timestamp":1761064441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/263\/11\/javma.25.01.0033.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.25.01.0033","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]}}}