{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T05:10:11Z","timestamp":1750741811309,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":4,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To devise a safe and effective method for accessing the nasopharynx (NP) in dogs and cats with complex or challenging disorders such as choanal tumors or entrapped foreign material.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Dogs and cats.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The patient is placed under general anesthesia and positioned in right lateral recumbency; the left cervical region over the proximal esophagus is then clipped and aseptically prepared. A guidewire is directed via the nostril into the oropharynx. The tip of the wire is retrieved and secured with a surgical clamp, which is then advanced into the proximal esophagus. A sterile assistant makes a small incision over the clamp, allowing the wire to be pulled out through the neck. A 20F or 26F peel-away sheath with introducer is directed over the wire into the NP. The introducer is removed, and a flexible endoscope is directed through the sheath into the NP. At the end of the intervention, a 14F or 18F feeding tube is placed through the esophageal stoma to promote healing and reduce the risk of abscessation; the feeding tube is removed after 2 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Fluoroscopic-assisted retrograde transesophageal nasopharyngoscopy provides superior visualization and access to the NP.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The method described here provides excellent access to the NP and is a useful option for the management of complex or challenging NP or choanal disease in companion animals.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.25.02.0094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T12:33:38Z","timestamp":1745584418000},"page":"1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fluoroscopic-assisted transesophageal retrograde nasopharyngoscopy in dogs and cats"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"263","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2840-6497","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Audrey K.","family":"Cook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Genna F.","family":"Atiee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"ref1","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet","first-page":"184","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal disorders of dogs and cats: a review and retrospective study","volume":"24","author":"Hunt GB","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hunt GB, Perkins MC, Foster SF,  Nasopharyngeal disorders of dogs and cats: a review and retrospective study. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet. 2002;24(3):184-203."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref2","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"121","article-title":"Endoscopic removal of nasal polyps in a cat using a novel surgical approach","volume":"7","author":"Esterline ML","year":"2005","unstructured":"Esterline ML, Radlinsky MG, Schermerhorn T. Endoscopic removal of nasal polyps in a cat using a novel surgical approach. J Feline Med Surg. 2005;7(2):121-124. doi:10.1016\/j.jfms.2004.07.002"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref3","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"752","article-title":"Investigation of a retroesophagoscopic approach to nasopharyngoscopy as an alternative to the conventional retroflexed endoscopic approach for selected indications in feline cadavers and client-owned cats","volume":"82","author":"Derr\u00e9 MG","year":"2021","unstructured":"Derr\u00e9 MG, Snead EC, Beaufr\u00e8re HH, Aertsens AG. Investigation of a retroesophagoscopic approach to nasopharyngoscopy as an alternative to the conventional retroflexed endoscopic approach for selected indications in feline cadavers and client-owned cats. Am J Vet Res. 2021;82(9):752-759. doi:10.2460\/ajvr.82.9.752"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"637","article-title":"Laser-assisted retropharyngeal rigid nasopharyngoscopy in dogs","volume":"54","author":"Fransson BA","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fransson BA. Laser-assisted retropharyngeal rigid nasopharyngoscopy in dogs. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2024;54(4):637-647. doi:10.1016\/j.cvsm.2024.02.012"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/263\/7\/javma.25.02.0094.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/263\/7\/javma.25.02.0094.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/263\/7\/javma.25.02.0094.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T04:47:22Z","timestamp":1750740442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/263\/7\/javma.25.02.0094.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"references-count":4,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.25.02.0094","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0003-1488"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]}}}