{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T05:10:11Z","timestamp":1750741811223,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To demonstrate an aseptic technique for blood culture collection on a <jats:italic>Salmonella <\/jats:italic>Dublin\u2013suspect dairy calf in the field setting with the use of minimal restraint and basic supplies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A neonatal Holstein heifer calf presenting with a fever of 41 \u00b0C (105 \u00b0F) and increased respiratory effort from a <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Dublin\u2013endemic dairy farm.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Appropriate supplies needed for the procedure are shown. The calf is lightly restrained by on-farm personnel, and the left side of the neck is clipped. A surgical preparation is performed. Wearing sterile gloves, the veterinarian draws blood from the left jugular vein. The top of the blood culture vial is disinfected with an alcohol wipe, and a new needle replaces the old one on the syringe. While changing the needle, the alcohol evaporates and the rubber stopper has time to dry. The blood culture media is inoculated with 2 to 3 mL of blood and inverted a few times. The blood culture vial is packaged in bubble wrap and surrounded by room-temperature ice packs for overnight delivery to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>An aseptic blood culture sample is properly collected under field conditions without contamination of the blood culture media.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>Salmonella <\/jats:italic>Dublin is the host-adapted <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> serovar in cattle and causes high morbidity and mortality in young dairy calves. It is also multidrug resistant and zoonotic. A blood culture is currently the gold standard to diagnose <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Dublin in live bovine neonates presenting with clinical signs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.25.02.0116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T13:32:58Z","timestamp":1745415178000},"page":"1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Aseptic technique for blood culture collection in the field to diagnose Salmonella Dublin in calves"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"263","author":[{"given":"Elisha","family":"Frye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Jennings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaitlyn","family":"Kremer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Town and Country Veterinary Clinic, Potsdam, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"1331767","article-title":"Review: Salmonella Dublin in dairy cattle","volume":"10","author":"Velasquez-Munoz A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Velasquez-Munoz A, Castro-Vargas R, Cullens-Nobis FM, Mani R, Abuelo A. Review: Salmonella Dublin in dairy cattle. Front Vet Sci. 2024;10:1331767. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2023.1331767"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref2","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"2418","article-title":"Salmonella enterica serotype Dublin infection: an emerging infectious disease for the northeastern United States","volume":"37","author":"McDonough PL","year":"1999","unstructured":"McDonough PL, Fogelman D, Shin SJ, Brunner MA, Lein DH. Salmonella enterica serotype Dublin infection: an emerging infectious disease for the northeastern United States. J Clin Microbiol. 1999;37(8):2418-2427. doi:10.1128\/JCM.37.8.2418-2427.1999"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"ref3","series-title":"Prev Vet Med","first-page":"31","article-title":"Herd-level diagnosis for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin infection in bovine dairy herds","volume":"53","author":"Veling J","year":"2002","unstructured":"Veling J, Barkema HW, van der Schans J, van Zijderveld F, Verhoeff J. Herd-level diagnosis for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin infection in bovine dairy herds. Prev Vet Med. 2002;53(1-2):31-42. doi:10.1016\/S0167-5877(01)00276-8"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref4","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0249617","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance and genomic characterization of Salmonella Dublin isolates in cattle from the United States","volume":"16","author":"Srednik ME","year":"2021","unstructured":"Srednik ME, Lantz K, Hicks JA, Morningstar-Shaw BR, Mackie TA, Schlater LK. Antimicrobial resistance and genomic characterization of Salmonella Dublin isolates in cattle from the United States. PLoS One. 2021;16(9):e0249617. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0249617"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref5","series-title":"J Dairy Sci","first-page":"11436","article-title":"Effect of dry period immunization of Salmonella Dublin latent carriers with a commercial live culture vaccine on intrauterine transmission based on the presence of precolostral antibodies in offspring","volume":"107","author":"Castro-Vargas RE","year":"2024","unstructured":"Castro-Vargas RE, Cullens-Nobis FM, Mani R, Roberts JN, Abuelo A. Effect of dry period immunization of Salmonella Dublin latent carriers with a commercial live culture vaccine on intrauterine transmission based on the presence of precolostral antibodies in offspring. J Dairy Sci. 2024;107(12):11436-11445. doi:10.3168\/jds.2024-24945"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Overview of Pathogenesis, Epidemiology and Diagnostic Tools Necessary for Successful Surveillance and Eradication of Salmonella Dublin From the Danish Cattle Population","article-title":"Prize assignment","author":"Nielsen LR","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nielsen LR. Overview of Pathogenesis, Epidemiology and Diagnostic Tools Necessary for Successful Surveillance and Eradication of Salmonella Dublin From the Danish Cattle Population. Prize assignment. University of Copenhagen; 2009."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/263\/7\/javma.25.02.0116.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/263\/7\/javma.25.02.0116.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/263\/7\/javma.25.02.0116.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T04:47:27Z","timestamp":1750740447000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/263\/7\/javma.25.02.0116.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.25.02.0116","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0003-1488"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]}}}