{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T03:01:52Z","timestamp":1755226912980,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749600000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To describe placement of a radiopaque polyurethane esophagostomy tube in a tortoise using MILA\u2019s tunneler device.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A 20-year-old 4.235-kg spayed female yellow-footed tortoise (<jats:italic>Chelonoidis denticulatus<\/jats:italic>) was presented for egg coelomitis and feeding tube placement.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A polyurethane esophagostomy tube (18 French; MILA International Inc) was advanced orally into the stomach. The small end of a tunneler device (MILA International Inc) was placed into the oral cavity and advanced into the midcervical esophagus. The tube exiting the mouth was attached to the opposite end of the tunneler. An incision was made into the left lateral cervical skin and underlying esophagus, allowing the tunneler and tube to be pulled through the incision until the tube was lying linearly. Radiographs confirmed appropriate placement, and the tube was sutured in place and flushed with water to ensure patency.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The esophagostomy tube was successfully placed and utilized to provide nutrition for 42 days following treatment.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Benefits of the MILA esophagostomy tube system in chelonians include the use of polyurethane tubes and the tunneler device. MILA\u2019s polyurethane tubes are preferred because of their radiopaque stripe, large luminal diameter, increased flexibility, and long-term biocompatibility, decreasing the risk of placement errors and esophageal injury. The increased length and small diameter of the tunneler device (compared to a Carmalt) allow for ease of placement with chelonian anatomy. These qualities may mitigate commonly observed risks to chelonians such as displacement and obstruction of esophagostomy tubes, gastrointestinal perforation, hemorrhage, and tube site infections.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.25.03.0171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T15:19:34Z","timestamp":1749655174000},"page":"1-2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Placement of a radiopaque polyurethane esophagostomy tube in a yellow-footed tortoise (Chelonoidis denticulatus) using MILA\u2019s tunneler device"],"prefix":"10.2460","author":[{"given":"Zachary","family":"Padilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"James L. Voss Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Marvel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James L. Voss Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Goh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1539-6864","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Miranda J.","family":"Sadar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Mader\u2019s Reptile and Amphibian Medicine and Surgery","first-page":"429","article-title":"Esophagostomy tube placement","author":"Cutler D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cutler D, Divers SJ. Esophagostomy tube placement. In: Divers SJ, Stahl SJ, eds. Mader\u2019s Reptile and Amphibian Medicine and Surgery. 3rd ed. Elsevier; 2019:429-431."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref2","series-title":"J Exot Pet Med","first-page":"178","article-title":"Esophagostomy feeding tube use and placement in exotic pets","volume":"22","author":"Whittington JK","year":"2013","unstructured":"Whittington JK. Esophagostomy feeding tube use and placement in exotic pets. J Exot Pet Med. 2013;22(2):178-191. doi:10.1053\/j.jepm.2013.05.008"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref3","series-title":"Biomaterials","first-page":"160","article-title":"Polyurethanes with radiopaque properties","volume":"27","author":"James NR","year":"2006","unstructured":"James NR, Philip J, Jayakrishnan A. Polyurethanes with radiopaque properties. Biomaterials. 2006;27(2):160-166. doi:10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.05.099"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref4","series-title":"Lab Anim (NY)","first-page":"25","article-title":"Placement of canine and feline esophagostomy feeding tubes","volume":"36","author":"Kahn SA","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kahn SA. Placement of canine and feline esophagostomy feeding tubes. Lab Anim (NY). 2007;36(5):25-26. doi:10.1038\/laban0507-25"},{"article-title":"Enteral feeding devices: clinical applications and techniques. Presented at: 29th World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress; October 6-9, 2004; Rhodes, Greece","author":"Marks SL","key":"ref5","unstructured":"Marks SL. Enteral feeding devices: clinical applications and techniques. Presented at: 29th World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress; October 6-9, 2004; Rhodes, Greece. Accessed August 9, 2024. https:\/\/www.vin.com\/doc\/?id=3852220"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Exot Pet Med","first-page":"24","article-title":"Complications associated with esophagostomy tube placement in chelonian patients","volume":"37","author":"Hedley J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hedley J, Fayers B, Abou-Zahr T. Complications associated with esophagostomy tube placement in chelonian patients. J Exot Pet Med. 2021;37:24-26. doi:10.1053\/j.jepm.2021.02.006"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"VETM 4540: Medical Procedures","article-title":"Esophagostomy tube","author":"Blois SL","unstructured":"Blois SL, Abrams-Ogg A, Defarges A. Esophagostomy tube. In: VETM 4540: Medical Procedures. University of Guelph. Accessed November 18, 2024. https:\/\/books.lib.uoguelph.ca\/vetm4540med\/chapter\/esophagostomy-tube\/"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"YouTube","article-title":"MILA retrograde E tube placement","author":"Foster J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Foster J. MILA retrograde E tube placement. YouTube. 2016. Accessed November 18, 2024. https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=qF14Jfajkhw"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/aop\/javma.25.03.0171\/javma.25.03.0171.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/aop\/javma.25.03.0171\/javma.25.03.0171.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/aop\/javma.25.03.0171\/javma.25.03.0171.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T15:19:34Z","timestamp":1749655174000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/aop\/javma.25.03.0171\/javma.25.03.0171.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"references-count":8,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.25.03.0171","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0003-1488"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]}}}