{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T20:48:47Z","timestamp":1793393327422,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the most efficient topical horizontally centrifuged platelet-rich fibrin (H-PRF) treatment protocol for equine ulcerative keratitis (EUK) that is easy to use, and to report the preliminary concentration of growth factors and cytokines in equine H-PRF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>5 client-owned horses diagnosed with EUK were enrolled over an 11-month period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3 horses were geldings, and 2 were mares. The mean (\u00b1 SD) age was 5.95 \u00b1 5.01 years. The owners\u2019 main goal was to avoid surgery for EUK.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      H-PRF was used in 3 different protocols: solid H-PRF, sutured to the EUK area (n = 1); liquid H-PRF, used topically (n = 2); and combined solid H-PRF, placed in the ventral fornix plus liquid H-PRF (n = 2). Unused H-PRF was analyzed for concentration of growth factors and cytokines. Three of 5 eyes (60%) healed with corneal vascularization and granulation tissue (healing rate, 34 \u00b1 16 days), either negative for culture growth (n = 2) or positive for\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (n = 1). Two of 5 eyes (40%), both positive for fungal growth, perforated and were enucleated. Solid H-PRF had the highest concentration of growth factors and cytokines, except for IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, which was mildly higher in liquid H-PRF. Systemic flunixin meglumine seemed to lower growth factors and cytokines in H-PRF.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The combined H-PRF protocol gave the highest concentration of growth factors and cytokines, which can lead to a healing response with corneal vascularization and granulation tissue. Future studies should evaluate fungal infection and the effect of systemic NSAIDs on H-PRF healing properties.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.25.03.0204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T11:57:44Z","timestamp":1750420664000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Methodology of easy-to-use horizontally centrifuged platelet-rich fibrin as a topical treatment for equine ulcerative keratitis in 5 horses"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"263","author":[{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Collins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Barr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chongben","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biobehavioral Laboratory, School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathew","family":"Steadman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biobehavioral Laboratory, School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7771-9166","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Brian","family":"Gilger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7901-7790","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michala de Linde","family":"Henriksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"ref1","series-title":"Bioengineering (Basel)","first-page":"58","article-title":"Evolution and clinical advances of platelet-rich fibrin in musculoskeletal regeneration","volume":"10","author":"Narayanaswamy R","year":"2023","unstructured":"Narayanaswamy R, Patro BP, Jeyaraman N,  Evolution and clinical advances of platelet-rich fibrin in musculoskeletal regeneration. 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