{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T18:41:50Z","timestamp":1763750510653,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the use of a handheld rapid infuser for the delivery of blood products to anemic dogs in shock.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>6 dogs that received a packed RBC (pRBC) transfusion with the use of a handheld rapid infuser from August 9, 2023, to April 1, 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>6 dogs with a median age of 7.5 years and median body weight of 33 kg presenting with hemodynamic instability due to various causes of life-threatening anemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The most common reason for transfusion was hemoperitoneum (4 of 6). A median volume of 7.3 mL\/kg (range, 4.5 to 10 mL\/kg) of pRBCs was delivered over 3.5 minutes (range, 2 to 5 minutes). Five dogs met the criteria for a massive blood transfusion, with a median transfusion rate of 2.13 mL\/kg\/min (range, 1 to 3.3 mL\/kg\/min). The post-transfusion median heart rate decreased to 97 beats\/min (BPM; IQR, 89 to 99 BPM) from 155 BPM (IQR, 145 to 170 BPM), while the post-transfusion median systolic blood pressure improved to 119.5 mm Hg (IQR, 112 to 127.59 mm Hg) from 76 mm Hg (IQR, 66 to 80 mm Hg). Two dogs were discharged from the hospital, 2 dogs were euthanized, and 2 dogs died. One of the dogs that was discharged from the hospital died at home 3 days later.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The handheld infuser enabled the rapid delivery of pRBCs to dogs with life-threatening anemia, improved perfusion parameters, and resulted in no overt complications during or immediately following the transfusion. Preliminary information suggests that the device can be helpful in administering pRBCs to hemodynamically unstable large-breed dogs. Low survival rates were noted due to clinical severity of diseases and euthanasia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.25.04.0241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T15:45:00Z","timestamp":1756482300000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A handheld rapid infuser device effectively delivers blood products in the management of life-threatening anemia in 6 dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"263","author":[{"given":"Tyler","family":"Lawnichak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1160-3416","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adesola","family":"Odunayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Avin","family":"Arjoonsingh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vicki","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"ref1","series-title":"Curr Emerg Hosp Med Rep","first-page":"116","article-title":"When minutes matter: rapid infusion in emergency care","volume":"9","author":"Piehl MPC","year":"2021","unstructured":"Piehl MPC, Park CW. When minutes matter: rapid infusion in emergency care. Curr Emerg Hosp Med Rep. 2021;9(4):116-125. doi:10.1007\/s40138-021-00237-6"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"ref2","series-title":"Transfusion","first-page":"S264","article-title":"Hemorrhagic shock and hemostatic resuscitation in canine trauma","volume":"61","author":"Edwards TH","year":"2021","unstructured":"Edwards TH, Rizzo JA, Pusateri AE. Hemorrhagic shock and hemostatic resuscitation in canine trauma. Transfusion. 2021;61(suppl 1):S264-S274. doi:10.1111\/trf.16516"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"638104","article-title":"Volume resuscitation in the acutely hemorrhaging patient: historic use to current applications","volume":"8","author":"Hall K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hall K, Drobatz K. Volume resuscitation in the acutely hemorrhaging patient: historic use to current applications. Front Vet Sci. 2021;8:638104. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2021.638104"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref4","series-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg","first-page":"1363","article-title":"Advanced trauma life support (ATLS): the ninth edition","volume":"74","author":"ATLS Subcommittee; American College of Surgeons\u2019 Committee on Trauma; International ATLS Working Group","year":"2013","unstructured":"ATLS Subcommittee; American College of Surgeons\u2019 Committee on Trauma; International ATLS Working Group. Advanced trauma life support (ATLS): the ninth edition. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013;74(5):1363-1366."},{"issue":"5","key":"ref5","series-title":"J Trauma","first-page":"1177","article-title":"Damage control hematology: the impact of a trauma exsanguination protocol on survival and blood product utilization","volume":"64","author":"Cotton BA","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cotton BA, Gunter OL, Isbell J,  Damage control hematology: the impact of a trauma exsanguination protocol on survival and blood product utilization. J Trauma. 2008;64(5):1177-1182. doi:10.1097\/TA.0b013e31816c5c80"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref6","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"1654","article-title":"Massive transfusion: new insights","volume":"136","author":"Sihler KC","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sihler KC, Napolitano LM. Massive transfusion: new insights. Chest. 2009;136(6):1654-1667. doi:10.1378\/chest.09-0251"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref7","series-title":"Transfusion","first-page":"2747","article-title":"Expediting red blood cell transfusions by syringing causes significant hemolysis","volume":"57","author":"De Villiers WL","year":"2017","unstructured":"De Villiers WL, Murray AA, Levin AI. Expediting red blood cell transfusions by syringing causes significant hemolysis. Transfusion. 2017;57(11):2747-2751. doi:10.1111\/trf.14283"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Rev Lat Am Enferm","first-page":"e3053","article-title":"Hemolysis risk after packed red blood cells transfusion with infusion pumps","volume":"26","author":"Wilson AMMM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wilson AMMM, Peterlini SAM, Pedreira MGLD. Hemolysis risk after packed red blood cells transfusion with infusion pumps. Rev Lat Am Enferm. 2018;26:e3053. doi:10.1590\/1518-8345.2625.3053"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref9","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","first-page":"50","article-title":"Hemolysis of canine fresh and stored blood associated with peristaltic pump infusion","volume":"1","author":"Stiles J","year":"1991","unstructured":"Stiles J, Raffe MR. Hemolysis of canine fresh and stored blood associated with peristaltic pump infusion. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 1991;1(2):50-53. doi:10.1111\/j.1476-4431.1991.tb00016.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref10","series-title":"Perfusion","first-page":"65","article-title":"Utilization of rapid-infuser devices for massive blood loss","volume":"20","author":"Stammers AH","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stammers AH, Murdock JD, Klayman MH,  Utilization of rapid-infuser devices for massive blood loss. Perfusion. 2005;20(2):65-69. doi:10.1191\/0267659105pf787oa"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref11","series-title":"Injury","first-page":"29","article-title":"The effect of the Belmont rapid infuser on cold stored whole blood coagulability","volume":"54","author":"Hoyos Gomez T","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hoyos Gomez T, El Haddi SJ, Grimstead-Arnold SL, Schreiber MA. The effect of the Belmont rapid infuser on cold stored whole blood coagulability. Injury. 2023;54(1):29-31. doi:10.1016\/j.injury.2022.09.033"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref12","series-title":"Prehosp Emerg Care","first-page":"753","article-title":"Effectiveness of a novel rapid infusion device and clinician education for early fluid therapy by emergency medical services in sepsis patients: a pre-post observational study","volume":"28","author":"Patel MD","year":"2024","unstructured":"Patel MD, Williams JG, Bachman MW,  Effectiveness of a novel rapid infusion device and clinician education for early fluid therapy by emergency medical services in sepsis patients: a pre-post observational study. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2024;28(6):753-760. doi:10.1080\/10903127.2023.2286292"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Med Devices (Auckl)","first-page":"331","article-title":"Rapid fluid administration: an evaluation of two techniques","volume":"11","author":"Gillis HC","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gillis HC, Walia H, Tumin D, Bhalla T, Tobias JD. Rapid fluid administration: an evaluation of two techniques. Med Devices (Auckl). 2018;11:331-336. doi:10.2147\/MDER.S172340"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref14","series-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care","first-page":"e313","article-title":"A randomized single-blinded simulation-based trial of a novel method for fluid administration to a septic infant","volume":"37","author":"Kline M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kline M, Crispino L, Bhatnagar A, Panchal RA, Auerbach M. A randomized single-blinded simulation-based trial of a novel method for fluid administration to a septic infant. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2021;37(6):e313-e318. doi:10.1097\/PEC.0000000000001583"},{"issue":"11-12","key":"ref15","series-title":"Mil Med","first-page":"e3382","article-title":"A pilot medic-based assessment of the novel handheld LifeFlow device for rapid infusion of blood products","volume":"188","author":"Mongold SM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mongold SM, Mancha F, Weymouth WL, Maddry JK, Schauer SG. A pilot medic-based assessment of the novel handheld LifeFlow device for rapid infusion of blood products. Mil Med. 2023;188(11-12):e3382-e3385. doi:10.1093\/milmed\/usac407"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref16","series-title":"J Emerg Med Crit Care","first-page":"1","article-title":"Case reports: rapid fluid delivery for hypotension via a novel device (LifeFlow) leads to improved patient outcome","volume":"5","author":"Piehl M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Piehl M, Griffin A, Blaivas M. Case reports: rapid fluid delivery for hypotension via a novel device (LifeFlow) leads to improved patient outcome. J Emerg Med Crit Care. 2019;5(1):1-3. doi:10.13188\/2469-4045.1000019"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Open Access Emerg Med","first-page":"87","article-title":"Improving fluid resuscitation in pediatric shock with LifeFlow: a retrospective case series and review of the literature","volume":"11","author":"Piehl M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Piehl M, Smith-Ramsey C, Teeter WA. Improving fluid resuscitation in pediatric shock with LifeFlow: a retrospective case series and review of the literature. Open Access Emerg Med. 2019;11:87-93. doi:10.2147\/OAEM.S188110"},{"issue":"suppl 4","key":"ref18","series-title":"Ann Emerg Med","first-page":"S84","article-title":"184EMF implementation of a novel fluid resuscitation device for the care of sepsis patients: processes and perceptions in the out-of-hospital setting","volume":"80","author":"Cyr J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cyr J, Turcios H, Patel M,  184EMF implementation of a novel fluid resuscitation device for the care of sepsis patients: processes and perceptions in the out-of-hospital setting. Ann Emerg Med. 2022;80(suppl 4):S84. doi:10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2022.08.208"},{"article-title":"DATAtab","author":"Online statistics calculator","key":"ref19","unstructured":"Online statistics calculator. DATAtab. Accessed April 9, 2025. https:\/\/datatab.net\/statistics-calculator\/descriptive-statistics"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"LifeFlow","article-title":"Comparison of a novel rapid fluid delivery device to traditional methods","author":"Robertson G","unstructured":"Robertson G, Lane A, Piehl M, Whitfill T, Spangler H. Comparison of a novel rapid fluid delivery device to traditional methods. LifeFlow. Accessed January 17, 2025. https:\/\/410medical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Infusion-Rate-Comparison-of-LifeFlow-to-Traditional-Methods.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref21","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","first-page":"76","article-title":"Retrospective evaluation of admission total plasma protein as a predictor of red blood cell transfusion requirement in dogs diagnosed with traumatic and nontraumatic hemoabdomen: 90 dogs (2009-2019)","volume":"34","author":"Buseman M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Buseman M, Blong AE, Yuan L, Mochel JP, Walton RAL. Retrospective evaluation of admission total plasma protein as a predictor of red blood cell transfusion requirement in dogs diagnosed with traumatic and nontraumatic hemoabdomen: 90 dogs (2009-2019). J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2024;34(1):76-80. doi:10.1111\/vec.13343"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"ref22","series-title":"Mil Med","first-page":"121","article-title":"Intravenous and intraosseous blood transfusion with three different pediatric pressure transfusion strategies in an immature swine (Sus scrofa) model of hemorrhagic shock: a pilot study","volume":"185","author":"Bianchi W","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bianchi W, George T, McEvoy C,  Intravenous and intraosseous blood transfusion with three different pediatric pressure transfusion strategies in an immature swine (Sus scrofa) model of hemorrhagic shock: a pilot study. Mil Med. 2020;185(suppl 1):121-129. doi:10.1093\/milmed\/usz200"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"788226","article-title":"Resuscitation patterns and massive transfusion for the critical bleeding dog\u2014a multicentric retrospective study of 69 cases (2007-2013)","volume":"8","author":"Tucker C","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tucker C, Winner A, Reeves R,  Resuscitation patterns and massive transfusion for the critical bleeding dog\u2014a multicentric retrospective study of 69 cases (2007-2013). Front Vet Sci. 2022;8:788226. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2021.788226"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Small Animal Critical Care Medicine","author":"Silverstein DC","year":"2023","unstructured":"Silverstein DC, Hopper K. Small Animal Critical Care Medicine. 3rd ed. Elsevier; 2023."},{"issue":"11","key":"ref25","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1664","article-title":"Massive transfusion in dogs: 15 cases (1997-2001)","volume":"220","author":"Jutkowitz LA","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jutkowitz LA, Rozanski EA, Moreau JA, Rush JE. Massive transfusion in dogs: 15 cases (1997-2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2002;220(11):1664-1669. doi:10.2460\/javma.2002.220.1664"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"276","article-title":"Severity of ionized hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia is associated with etiology in dogs and cats","volume":"6","author":"Coady M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Coady M, Fletcher DJ, Goggs R. Severity of ionized hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia is associated with etiology in dogs and cats. Front Vet Sci. 2019;6:276. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2019.00276"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Clinical Endocrinology of Companion Animals","author":"Rand J","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rand J. Clinical Endocrinology of Companion Animals. John Wiley and Sons Ltd; 2013. doi:10.1002\/9781118997093"},{"key":"ref28","series-title":"Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in Small Animal Practice","first-page":"120","article-title":"Disorders of calcium","author":"Schenck AP","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schenck AP, Chew JD, Nagode AL,  Disorders of calcium. In: Di Bartola, ed. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in Small Animal Practice. 4th ed. Elsevier; 2012:120-194. doi:10.1016\/B978-1-4377-0654-3.00013-5"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref29","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","first-page":"141","article-title":"Association of Veterinary Hematology and Transfusion Medicine (AVHTM) Transfusion Reaction Small Animal Consensus Statement (TRACS). Part 1: definitions and clinical signs","volume":"31","author":"Davidow EB","year":"2021","unstructured":"Davidow EB, Blois SL, Goy-Thollot I,  Association of Veterinary Hematology and Transfusion Medicine (AVHTM) Transfusion Reaction Small Animal Consensus Statement (TRACS). Part 1: definitions and clinical signs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2021;31(2):141-166. doi:10.1111\/vec.13044"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref30","series-title":"BMC Vet Res","first-page":"126","article-title":"Prevalence of Dal blood type and dog erythrocyte antigens (DEA) 1, 4, and 7 in canine blood donors in Italy and Spain","volume":"16","author":"Proverbio D","year":"2020","unstructured":"Proverbio D, Lubas G, Spada E,  Prevalence of Dal blood type and dog erythrocyte antigens (DEA) 1, 4, and 7 in canine blood donors in Italy and Spain. BMC Vet Res. 2020;16(1):126. doi:10.1186\/s12917-020-02351-1"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/263\/12\/javma.25.04.0241.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/263\/12\/javma.25.04.0241.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/263\/12\/javma.25.04.0241.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T18:38:05Z","timestamp":1763750285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/263\/12\/javma.25.04.0241.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.25.04.0241","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0003-1488"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]}}}