{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T14:32:37Z","timestamp":1779114757277,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To describe and demonstrate techniques for obtaining lateral and dorsoventral diagnostic skull radiographs and how to apply objective reference lines for the evaluation of acquired dental disease in the domestic rabbit.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Animals<\/jats:title>\n Domestic rabbits.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Rabbits should be heavily sedated or lightly anesthetized to allow for radiographic positioning. Standard radiograph views include lateral and dorsoventral views. Radiographs should be assessed for straightness. In the lateral view, the tympanic bulla and the rami of the mandible should completely overlap by at least 90%. In the dorsoventral view, the mandibular symphysis should overlap the nasal bone, the maxillary incisors should be separated and well-defined, the zygomatic arches should be symmetrical, and the temporal mandibular joints should be partially to completely obscured medially by the rami of the mandible.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Diagnostically positioned skull radiographs can be utilized to apply objective anatomical reference lines to diagnose and monitor acquired dental disease in domestic rabbits.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n Obtaining diagnostic skull radiographs is a simple procedure that can be performed in nearly every veterinary hospital. Skull radiographs are invaluable in providing clinicians with information about intra- and extraoral disease in pet rabbits.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.25.04.0262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T14:39:00Z","timestamp":1761316740000},"page":"1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["How to obtain skull radiographs and apply objective reference lines for the diagnosis of acquired dental disease in domestic rabbits"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"264","author":[{"given":"Judilee C.","family":"Marrow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah S.","family":"Bray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Trail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Dentistry in Rabbits and Rodents","first-page":"49","author":"B\u00f6hmer E","year":"2015","unstructured":"B\u00f6hmer E. Dentistry in Rabbits and Rodents. Wiley Blackwell; 2015:49\u201387. doi:10.1002\/9781118802557"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref2","series-title":"Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere","first-page":"250","article-title":"Objective interpretation of dental disease in rabbits, guinea pigs and chinchillas: use of anatomical reference lines","volume":"37","author":"Boehmer E","year":"2009","unstructured":"Boehmer E, Crossley D. Objective interpretation of dental disease in rabbits, guinea pigs and chinchillas: use of anatomical reference lines. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere. 2009;37(4):250-260. doi:10.1055\/s-0038-1622802"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Rabbit and Rodent Dentistry Handbook","first-page":"65","article-title":"Radiology of the skull and teeth","author":"Capello V","year":"2005","unstructured":"Capello V, Gracis M. Radiology of the skull and teeth. In: Lennox AM, ed. Rabbit and Rodent Dentistry Handbook. Zoological Education Network Inc; 2005:65\u201375."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref4","series-title":"J Exot Pet Med","first-page":"146","article-title":"The progressive syndrome of acquired dental disease in rabbits","volume":"16","author":"Harcourt-Brown FM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Harcourt-Brown FM. The progressive syndrome of acquired dental disease in rabbits. J Exot Pet Med. 2007;16(3):146-157. doi:10.1053\/j.jepm.2007.06.003"},{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Dentistry in Rabbits and Rodents","first-page":"49","author":"B\u00f6hmer E","year":"2015","unstructured":"B\u00f6hmer E. Dentistry in Rabbits and Rodents. Wiley Blackwell; 2015:49\u201387. doi:10.1002\/9781118802557"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref2","series-title":"Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere","first-page":"250","article-title":"Objective interpretation of dental disease in rabbits, guinea pigs and chinchillas: use of anatomical reference lines","volume":"37","author":"Boehmer E","year":"2009","unstructured":"Boehmer E, Crossley D. Objective interpretation of dental disease in rabbits, guinea pigs and chinchillas: use of anatomical reference lines. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere. 2009;37(4):250-260. doi:10.1055\/s-0038-1622802"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Rabbit and Rodent Dentistry Handbook","first-page":"65","article-title":"Radiology of the skull and teeth","author":"Capello V","year":"2005","unstructured":"Capello V, Gracis M. Radiology of the skull and teeth. In: Lennox AM, ed. Rabbit and Rodent Dentistry Handbook. Zoological Education Network Inc; 2005:65\u201375."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref4","series-title":"J Exot Pet Med","first-page":"146","article-title":"The progressive syndrome of acquired dental disease in rabbits","volume":"16","author":"Harcourt-Brown FM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Harcourt-Brown FM. The progressive syndrome of acquired dental disease in rabbits. J Exot Pet Med. 2007;16(3):146-157. doi:10.1053\/j.jepm.2007.06.003"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/264\/6\/javma.25.04.0262.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/264\/6\/javma.25.04.0262.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/264\/6\/javma.25.04.0262.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T13:52:09Z","timestamp":1779112329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/264\/6\/javma.25.04.0262.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.25.04.0262","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]}}}