{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T17:13:23Z","timestamp":1761066803928,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Surgical procedures in small cetaceans are rarely considered as treatment options due to anatomic considerations limiting exposure, concerns with achieving a watertight incisional closure, and logistical complexities of both anesthesia and surgery in completely aquatic mammals. The objective is to provide a video tutorial on laparoscopic-guided abdominal approaches with the goal to expand diagnostic and treatment capabilities for common diseases in these species.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Small cetaceans undergoing laparoscopy for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The patient is positioned in dorsolateral recumbency. The initial approach to the abdomen is made at the umbilicus (5- to 10-mm incision). A 10- to 12-mm-diameter X 15-cm-long optical cannula with a 10-mm X 30-cm, 0\u00b0 laparoscope is inserted. The abdomen is insufflated (10 to 15 mm Hg) and a 30\u00b0 laparoscope inserted. To access the cranial abdomen, instrument portals are made at 7 and 15 cm cranial to the umbilicus on midline. To access the caudal abdomen, portals are made 15 cm caudal to the umbilicus on midline (midway between the umbilicus and genital slit) and 15 cm lateral to the caudal portal bilaterally. Laparoscopic instruments (grasping forceps, laparoscopic sealing devices) may be inserted to facilitate the procedures.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The cranial approach allows evaluation of the cranial digestive tract, liver, pancreas, and spleen. The caudal approach allows examination of the caudal digestive tract and urinary (kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder) and reproductive systems relevant to common indications for abdominal surgery.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Development of laparoscopic techniques in small cetaceans would mitigate many of the aforementioned surgical challenges, enhancing visualization of intraperitoneal structures and necessitating small incision sizes, leading to more secure closures for early return to aquatic habitats.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.25.04.0276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T17:30:41Z","timestamp":1754501441000},"page":"1-2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Advancement of laparoscopic-guided abdominal approaches in cetacean species"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"263","author":[{"given":"Lynn M.","family":"Pezzanite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Le-Bert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Navy Marine Mammal Program, Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific, San Diego, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Lutmerding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Navy Marine Mammal Program, Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific, San Diego, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Meegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stacey","family":"DiRocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoological Operations, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, Orlando, FL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Todd","family":"Robeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoological Operations, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, Orlando, FL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dean A.","family":"Hendrickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia","first-page":"1091","article-title":"Comparative anesthesia and analgesia \u2013 marine mammals","author":"Balko JA","year":"2024","unstructured":"Balko JA, Bailey JE. Comparative anesthesia and analgesia \u2013 marine mammals. In: Lamont L, Grimm K, Robertson S, Love L, Schroeder C, eds. In: Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. 6th ed. John Wiley & Sons; 2024:1091-1109."},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Anatomy of Dolphins: Insights into Body Structure","author":"Cozzi B","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cozzi B, Huggenberger S, Oelschlager H. Anatomy of Dolphins: Insights into Body Structure. Elsevier; 2023."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref3","series-title":"Vet Surg.","first-page":"741","article-title":"In vitro evaluation and in vivo use of a novel surgical stent to minimize suture pressure necrosis","volume":"49","author":"Dannemiller NG","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dannemiller NG, Hendrickson DA. In vitro evaluation and in vivo use of a novel surgical stent to minimize suture pressure necrosis. 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