{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T18:42:05Z","timestamp":1763750525819,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the clinical and ultrasonographic findings in horses with desmopathy of the abaxial palmar\/plantar ligament (APL) of the proximal interphalangeal joint and the prevalence of concurrent musculoskeletal injuries in the pastern and foot.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Horses presenting to New Bolton Center between March 2017 and November 2022 with an age ranging from 5 to 20 years that underwent lameness evaluation in which lameness was localized to the distal limb and had an ultrasonographic diagnosis of APL desmopathy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Horses included were those that (1) presented for a lameness examination; (2) had lameness that improved after diagnostic analgesia with a low 4-point nerve block (medial and lateral palmar\/plantar nerves and medial and lateral palmar\/plantar metacarpal\/metatarsal nerves), abaxial sesamoid nerve block (medial and lateral palmar or plantar nerves), or palmar\/plantar digital nerve block; and (3) had an ultrasonographic diagnosis of APL desmopathy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 20 horses were identified with an ultrasonographic diagnosis of APL desmopathy. Clinical signs in 5 of 20 horses were attributed solely to desmopathy of the APLs of the proximal interphalangeal joint. Concurrent soft tissue and bone injuries were identified in all other cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Given the rare occurrence of APL desmopathy as the sole cause of lameness in the horse, identification of this pathology on ultrasound should prompt continued investigation, particularly in mild cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.25.04.0290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T17:18:01Z","timestamp":1757092681000},"page":"1560-1565","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical and ultrasonographic findings in horses with desmopathy of the palmar\/plantar abaxial ligaments of the proximal interphalangeal joint: 20 cases"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"263","author":[{"given":"Stephanie Ortiz","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose M.","family":"Garcia-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine B.","family":"Chope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0398-2444","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kyla","family":"Ortved","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kara A.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"ref1","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"169","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of poor performance in the racehorse: the results of 275 evaluations","volume":"23","author":"Morris EA","year":"1991","unstructured":"Morris EA, Seeherman HJ. 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