{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T18:42:00Z","timestamp":1763750520543,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Investigate long-term outcomes of dogs that underwent splenectomy for nonmalignant splenic disease and evaluate the risk of postsplenectomy sequelae.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective case series including 104 dogs undergoing splenectomy for a nonneoplastic cause. Medical records created between May 1, 2017, and July 31, 2021, for dogs with \u2265 6-month survival times were reviewed for patient signalment, weight, presence of hemoperitoneum at the time of surgery, indication for splenectomy, and histopathologic diagnosis. A survey was conducted over the phone with dog owners and referring veterinarians to obtain information on survival and incidence of volvulus or torsion of abdominal viscera, blood parasite infection, presumed vascular events, severe or repeated infection, and neoplasia following splenectomy. Survival analysis was performed to assess whether these outcome measures were correlated with mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Median follow-up time was 31.4 months (IQR, 19.75 to 45 months). Of 104 patients, 40 (38.5%) developed subsequent neoplasia after splenectomy, 13 (12.5%) experienced a presumed vascular event, 2 (1.9%) experienced a severe or repeated bacterial infection, and none were diagnosed with a blood parasite following splenectomy. Preoperative hemoperitoneum was diagnosed in 26 of 104 patients (25.0%). Preoperative hemoperitoneum, postoperative thrombosis event, subsequent neoplasia diagnosis, and postoperative infection were not predictors of survival beyond 6 months. Age at time of surgery was associated with survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients undergoing splenectomy for benign disease that experienced long-term sequelae were identified. However, an increased risk of death as a result of the complications was not observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Veterinary patients may experience long-term sequela following splenectomy; therefore, ongoing monitoring is recommended.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.25.05.0307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T17:23:25Z","timestamp":1754069005000},"page":"1506-1513","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long-term complications of splenectomy in dogs with benign splenic disease are not associated with mortality"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"263","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Aly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jude","family":"Aboukhater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Desiree","family":"Rosselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VCA West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Carney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4623-3582","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicole","family":"Buote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal","first-page":"1551","article-title":"Spleen","author":"Richter MC","year":"2018","unstructured":"Richter MC. Spleen. In: Johnston SA, Tobias KM, eds. Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal. 2nd ed. Saunders; 2018:1551\u20131564."},{"issue":"S1","key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"S9","article-title":"Premature death in dogs with nontraumatic hemoabdomen and splenectomy with benign histopathologic findings","volume":"260","author":"Millar SL","year":"2021","unstructured":"Millar SL, Curley TL, Monnet EL, Zersen KM. Premature death in dogs with nontraumatic hemoabdomen and splenectomy with benign histopathologic findings. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2021;260(S1):S9-S14. doi:10.2460\/javma.21.01.0033"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"69","article-title":"Evaluation of the validity of the double two-thirds rule for diagnosing hemangiosarcoma in dogs with nontraumatic hemoperitoneum due to a ruptured splenic mass: a systematic review","volume":"261","author":"Schick AR","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schick AR, Grimes JA. Evaluation of the validity of the double two-thirds rule for diagnosing hemangiosarcoma in dogs with nontraumatic hemoperitoneum due to a ruptured splenic mass: a systematic review. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2022;261(1):69-73. doi:10.2460\/javma.22.08.0389"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref4","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","first-page":"239","article-title":"Development and validation of a hemangiosarcoma likelihood prediction model in dogs presenting with spontaneous hemoabdomen: the HeLP score","volume":"29","author":"Schick AR","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schick AR, Hayes GM, Singh A, Mathews KG, Higginbotham ML, Sherwood JM. Development and validation of a hemangiosarcoma likelihood prediction model in dogs presenting with spontaneous hemoabdomen: the HeLP score. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2019;29(3):239-245. doi:10.1111\/vec.12838"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref5","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"101","article-title":"Ventricular arrhythmias in dogs undergoing splenectomy: a prospective study","volume":"23","author":"Marino DJ","year":"1994","unstructured":"Marino DJ, Matthiesen DT, Fox PR, Lesser MB, Stamoulis ME. Ventricular arrhythmias in dogs undergoing splenectomy: a prospective study. Vet Surg. 1994;23(2):101-106. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1994.tb00453.x"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal","first-page":"256","article-title":"Biopsy general principles","author":"Grimes JA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grimes JA. Biopsy general principles. In: Johnston SA, Tobias KM, eds. Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal. 2nd ed. Saunders; 2018:256\u2013265."},{"issue":"11","key":"ref7","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1267","article-title":"Incidence of malignancy and outcomes for dogs undergoing splenectomy for incidentally detected nonruptured splenic nodules or masses: 105 cases (2009-2013)","volume":"248","author":"Cleveland MJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cleveland MJ, Casale S. Incidence of malignancy and outcomes for dogs undergoing splenectomy for incidentally detected nonruptured splenic nodules or masses: 105 cases (2009-2013). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2016;248(11):1267-1273. doi:10.2460\/javma.248.11.1267"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref8","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1362","article-title":"Development and validation of a multivariable model and online decision-support calculator to aid in preoperative discrimination of benign from malignant splenic masses in dogs","volume":"258","author":"Burgess KE","year":"2021","unstructured":"Burgess KE, Price LL, King R,  Development and validation of a multivariable model and online decision-support calculator to aid in preoperative discrimination of benign from malignant splenic masses in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2021;258(12):1362-1371. doi:10.2460\/javma.258.12.1362"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref9","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"917","article-title":"Improved predictability is needed for calculators used to preoperatively determine the etiology of splenic masses in dogs: an external validation study of the HeLP score and T-STAT","volume":"262","author":"Hillier TN","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hillier TN, Grimes JA, Wallace ML, Sutherland BJ, Schmiedt CW. Improved predictability is needed for calculators used to preoperatively determine the etiology of splenic masses in dogs: an external validation study of the HeLP score and T-STAT. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2024;262(7):917-923. doi:10.2460\/javma.24.01.0016"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref10","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"160","article-title":"Splenomegaly in dogs: predictors of neoplasia and survival after splenectomy","volume":"3","author":"Johnson KA","year":"1989","unstructured":"Johnson KA, Powers BE, Withrow SJ, Sheetz MJ, Curtis CR, Wrigley RH. Splenomegaly in dogs: predictors of neoplasia and survival after splenectomy. J Vet Intern Med. 1989;3(3):160-166. doi:10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1989.tb03092.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref11","series-title":"Am J Med","first-page":"371","article-title":"Complications of splenectomy","volume":"121","author":"Cadili A","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cadili A, de Gara C. Complications of splenectomy. Am J Med. 2008;121(5):371-375. doi:10.1016\/j.amjmed.2008.02.014"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref12","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"856","article-title":"Understanding the efficiency of splenic hemangiosarcoma diagnosis using Monte Carlo simulations","volume":"56","author":"Herman EJ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Herman EJ, Stern AW, Fox RJ, Dark MJ. Understanding the efficiency of splenic hemangiosarcoma diagnosis using Monte Carlo simulations. Vet Pathol. 2019;56(6):856-859. doi:10.1177\/0300985819868732"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref13","series-title":"J Visc Surg","first-page":"277","article-title":"Medical complications following splenectomy","volume":"153","author":"Buzel\u00e9 R","year":"2016","unstructured":"Buzel\u00e9 R, Barbier L, Sauvanet A, Fantin B. Medical complications following splenectomy. J Visc Surg. 2016;153(4):277-286. doi:10.1016\/j.jviscsurg.2016.04.013"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref14","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"2861","article-title":"Vascular complications after splenectomy for hematologic disorders","volume":"114","author":"Crary SE","year":"2009","unstructured":"Crary SE, Buchanan GR. Vascular complications after splenectomy for hematologic disorders. Blood. 2009;114(14):2861-2868. doi:10.1182\/blood-2009-04-210112"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","series-title":"Br J Haematol","first-page":"16","article-title":"Short- and long-term risks of splenectomy for benign haematological disorders: should we revisit the indications?","volume":"158","author":"Rodeghiero F","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rodeghiero F, Ruggeri M. Short- and long-term risks of splenectomy for benign haematological disorders: should we revisit the indications? Br J Haematol. 2012;158(1):16-29. doi:10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2012.09146.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref16","series-title":"Am J Surg","first-page":"631","article-title":"Portal vein thrombosis after splenectomy","volume":"184","author":"Winslow ER","year":"2002","unstructured":"Winslow ER, Brunt LM, Drebin JA, Soper NJ, Klingensmith ME. Portal vein thrombosis after splenectomy. Am J Surg. 2002;184(6):631-635. doi:10.1016\/S0002-9610(02)01095-4"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref17","series-title":"Int J Surg","first-page":"1314","article-title":"Overwhelming post splenectomy infection syndrome - review study","volume":"12","author":"Sinwar PD","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sinwar PD. Overwhelming post splenectomy infection syndrome - review study. Int J Surg. 2014;12(12):1314-1316. doi:10.1016\/j.ijsu.2014.11.005"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)","first-page":"102381","article-title":"Evaluation of the risk factors for venous thromboembolism post splenectomy - a ten year retrospective cohort study in St James\u2019s hospital","volume":"66","author":"Abduljalil M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abduljalil M, Saunders J, Doherty D,  Evaluation of the risk factors for venous thromboembolism post splenectomy - a ten year retrospective cohort study in St James\u2019s hospital. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2021;66:102381. doi:10.1016\/j.amsu.2021.102381"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref19","series-title":"Ann Surg","first-page":"208","article-title":"High incidence of thrombosis of the portal venous system after laparoscopic splenectomy: a prospective study with contrast-enhanced CT scan","volume":"241","author":"Ikeda M","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ikeda M, Sekimoto M, Takiguchi S,  High incidence of thrombosis of the portal venous system after laparoscopic splenectomy: a prospective study with contrast-enhanced CT scan. Ann Surg. 2005;241(2):208-216. doi:10.1097\/01.sla.0000151794.28392.a6"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref20","series-title":"J Thromb Haemost","first-page":"1289","article-title":"Delayed adverse vascular events after splenectomy in hereditary spherocytosis","volume":"6","author":"Schilling RF","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schilling RF, Gangnon RE, Traver MI. Delayed adverse vascular events after splenectomy in hereditary spherocytosis. J Thromb Haemost. 2008;6(8):1289-1295. doi:10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2008.03024.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref21","series-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis","first-page":"218","article-title":"Portal vein thrombosis after laparoscopic splenectomy during childhood","volume":"38","author":"Gelas T","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gelas T, Scalabre A, Hameury F,  Portal vein thrombosis after laparoscopic splenectomy during childhood. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2014;38(2):218-222. doi:10.1007\/s11239-013-1037-2"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","first-page":"110032","article-title":"Experimental infection and co-infection with Chinese strains of Ehrlichia canis and Babesia vogeli in intact and splenectomized dogs: insights on clinical, hematologic and treatment responses","volume":"323","author":"Zhang J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang J, Wang J, Kelly PJ,  Experimental infection and co-infection with Chinese strains of Ehrlichia canis and Babesia vogeli in intact and splenectomized dogs: insights on clinical, hematologic and treatment responses. Vet Parasitol. 2023;323:110032. doi:10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.110032"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"686225","article-title":"Pre-operative hemostatic status in dogs undergoing splenectomy for splenic masses","volume":"9","author":"McPhetridge JB","year":"2022","unstructured":"McPhetridge JB, Lynch AM, Webster CRL, McCobb E, de Laforcade AM, O\u2019Toole TE. Pre-operative hemostatic status in dogs undergoing splenectomy for splenic masses. Front Vet Sci. 2022;9:686225. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2022.686225"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref24","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"85","article-title":"Postoperative thrombocytosis and thromboelastographic evidence of hypercoagulability in dogs undergoing splenectomy for splenic masses","volume":"256","author":"Phipps WE","year":"2020","unstructured":"Phipps WE, de Laforcade AM, Barton BA, Berg J. Postoperative thrombocytosis and thromboelastographic evidence of hypercoagulability in dogs undergoing splenectomy for splenic masses. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2020;256(1):85-92. doi:10.2460\/javma.256.1.85"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref25","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1382","article-title":"Risk factors for perioperative death in dogs undergoing splenectomy for splenic masses: 539 cases (2001-2012)","volume":"245","author":"Wendelburg KM","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wendelburg KM, O\u2019Toole TE, McCobb E, Price LL, Lyons JA, Berg J. Risk factors for perioperative death in dogs undergoing splenectomy for splenic masses: 539 cases (2001-2012). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2014;245(12):1382-1390. doi:10.2460\/javma.245.12.1382"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref26","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"23","article-title":"Assessment of the incidence of GDV following splenectomy in dogs","volume":"51","author":"Goldhammer MA","year":"2010","unstructured":"Goldhammer MA, Haining H, Milne EM, Shaw DJ, Yool DA. Assessment of the incidence of GDV following splenectomy in dogs. J Small Anim Pract. 2010;51(1):23-28. doi:10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2009.00844.x"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref27","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"1275","article-title":"Incidence of gastric dilatation-volvulus following a splenectomy in 238 dogs","volume":"58","author":"Maki LC","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maki LC, Males KN, Byrnes MJ, El-Saad AA, Coronado GS. Incidence of gastric dilatation-volvulus following a splenectomy in 238 dogs. Can Vet J. 2017;58(12):1275-1280."},{"issue":"10","key":"ref28","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1381","article-title":"Association between previous splenectomy and gastric dilatation-volvulus in dogs: 453 cases (2004-2009)","volume":"242","author":"Sartor AJ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sartor AJ, Bentley AM, Brown DC. Association between previous splenectomy and gastric dilatation-volvulus in dogs: 453 cases (2004-2009). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2013;242(10):1381-1384. doi:10.2460\/javma.242.10.1381"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref29","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"166","article-title":"Pathologic factors affecting postsplenectomy survival in dogs","volume":"11","author":"Spangler WL","year":"1997","unstructured":"Spangler WL, Kass PH. Pathologic factors affecting postsplenectomy survival in dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 1997;11(3):166-171. doi:10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1997.tb00085.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref30","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"230","article-title":"Portal vein thrombosis in 33 dogs: 1998-2011","volume":"26","author":"Respess M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Respess M, O\u2019Toole TE, Taeymans O, Rogers CL, Johnston A, Webster CRL. Portal vein thrombosis in 33 dogs: 1998-2011. J Vet Intern Med. 2012;26(2):230-237. doi:10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2012.00893.x"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref31","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1368","article-title":"Pulmonary thromboembolism in dogs: 47 cases (1986-1987)","volume":"197","author":"LaRue MJ","year":"1990","unstructured":"LaRue MJ, Murtaugh RJ. Pulmonary thromboembolism in dogs: 47 cases (1986-1987). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1990;197(10):1368-1372. doi:10.2460\/javma.1990.197.10.1368"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref32","series-title":"Haematologica","first-page":"392","article-title":"Long-term risks after splenectomy among 8,149 cancer-free American veterans: a cohort study with up to 27 years follow-up","volume":"99","author":"Kristinsson SY","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kristinsson SY, Gridley G, Hoover RN, Check D, Landgren O. Long-term risks after splenectomy among 8,149 cancer-free American veterans: a cohort study with up to 27 years follow-up. Haematologica. 2014;99(2):392-398. doi:10.3324\/haematol.2013.092460"},{"key":"ref33","series-title":"Infect Drug Resist","first-page":"2839","article-title":"Post-splenectomy sepsis: preventative strategies, challenges, and solutions","volume":"12","author":"Luu S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luu S, Spelman D, Woolley IJ. Post-splenectomy sepsis: preventative strategies, challenges, and solutions. Infect Drug Resist. 2019;12:2839-2851. doi:10.2147\/IDR.S179902"},{"key":"ref34","series-title":"2021 Guidelines for the Management of Transfusion Dependent Thalassaemia (TDT)","first-page":":200","article-title":"Splenomegaly and splenectomy","author":"Daar S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Daar S, Taher A. Splenomegaly and splenectomy. In: Porter J, Taher A, Cappellini M, Farmakis D, eds. 2021 Guidelines for the Management of Transfusion Dependent Thalassaemia (TDT). Thalassaemia International Federation; 2023:200\u2013211."},{"issue":"10116","key":"ref35","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"155","article-title":"Thalassaemia","volume":"391","author":"Taher AT","year":"2018","unstructured":"Taher AT, Weatherall DJ, Cappellini MD. Thalassaemia. Lancet. 2018;391(10116):155-167. doi:10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31822-6"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref36","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1309","article-title":"Complications and outcomes associated with laparoscopic-assisted splenectomy in dogs","volume":"260","author":"McGaffey MES","year":"2022","unstructured":"McGaffey MES, Singh A, Buote NJ,  Complications and outcomes associated with laparoscopic-assisted splenectomy in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2022;260(11):1309-1315. doi:10.2460\/javma.21.12.0536"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref37","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1646","article-title":"Diagnostic utility of D-dimer concentrations in dogs with pulmonary embolism","volume":"27","author":"Epstein SE","year":"2013","unstructured":"Epstein SE, Hopper K, Mellema MS, Johnson LR. Diagnostic utility of D-dimer concentrations in dogs with pulmonary embolism. J Vet Intern Med. 2013;27(6):1646-1649. doi:10.1111\/jvim.12177"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref38","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"783","article-title":"Standard tests of haemostasis do not predict elevated thromboelastographic maximum amplitude, an index of hypercoagulability, in sick dogs","volume":"65","author":"Clarkin-Breslin RC","year":"2024","unstructured":"Clarkin-Breslin RC, Chalifoux NV, Buriko Y. Standard tests of haemostasis do not predict elevated thromboelastographic maximum amplitude, an index of hypercoagulability, in sick dogs. J Small Anim Pract. 2024;65(11):783-788. doi:10.1111\/jsap.13741"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref39","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","first-page":"201","article-title":"Multicenter in vitro thromboelastography and thromboelastometry standardization","volume":"28","author":"Goggs R","year":"2018","unstructured":"Goggs R, Borrelli A, Brainard BM,  Multicenter in vitro thromboelastography and thromboelastometry standardization. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2018;28(3):201-212. doi:10.1111\/vec.12710"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/263\/12\/javma.25.05.0307.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/263\/12\/javma.25.05.0307.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/263\/12\/javma.25.05.0307.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T18:38:27Z","timestamp":1763750307000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/263\/12\/javma.25.05.0307.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.25.05.0307","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0003-1488"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]}}}