{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T23:10:44Z","timestamp":1768605044692,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To identify the frequency and factors associated with hemoabdomen and the need for autotransfusion in cats undergoing spay surgery in the high-quality, high-volume spay\/neuter context.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Licensed veterinary technicians recorded information about clinical signs and other variables of interest during and after spay surgery of queens at least 5 months of age that were spayed in ASPCA Community Medicine spay\/neuter clinics between March 30, 2022, and January 9, 2024. These data were matched with additional medical data extracted from the medical records and analyzed with bivariate statistics for significant relationships.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The analysis included 9,513 queens; 970 queens (10.6%) experienced intraoperative bleeding, and 77 queens (0.8%) experienced a major intraoperative bleed. Twenty-eight queens (0.3%) received an autotransfusion; 2 of those received an autotransfusion during the surgery, and the remaining 26 queens received an autotransfusion postoperatively. A higher proportion of queens in heat, in late-stage pregnancy, and after pregnancy experienced abdominal bleeding. A higher proportion of pregnant queens required an autotransfusion. Capillary refill time > 2 seconds, pale mucous membranes, and extended recovery time after surgery were significantly positively related to intraoperative bleeding and requiring an autotransfusion.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Major bleeds and autotransfusions were rare. Reproductive status was associated with abdominal bleeding. Delayed recovery and signs of anemia and\/or poor peripheral perfusion after surgery can be an indicator of postoperative bleeding requiring autotransfusion.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n While severe hemoabdomen from ovariohysterectomy is rare, clinicians can use this information to promptly identify and manage abdominal bleeding from ovariohysterectomy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.25.06.0394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T16:53:29Z","timestamp":1759942409000},"page":"152-157","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reproductive status and abnormal clinical signs after surgery are positively associated with hemoabdomen and autotransfusion in cats after ovariohysterectomy"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"264","author":[{"given":"Sharon","family":"Pailler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Strategy and Research, American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolyn R.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica K.","family":"Conn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronica H.","family":"Accornero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Strategy and Research, American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet J","first-page":"11","article-title":"Perioperative mortality in cats and dogs undergoing spay or castration at a high-volume clinic","volume":"224","author":"Levy JK","year":"2017","unstructured":"Levy JK, Bard KM, Tucker SJ, Diskant PD, Dingman PA. Perioperative mortality in cats and dogs undergoing spay or castration at a high-volume clinic. Vet J. 2017;224:11-15. doi:10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.05.013"},{"issue":"S2","key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"S28","article-title":"Retrospective review reveals few complications of ovarian pedicle tie in 15,927 cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy at a large HQHVSN clinic and training facility in the United States: 2017-2018","volume":"260","author":"Rigdon-Brestle K","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rigdon-Brestle K, Accornero VH, Amtower M, Slater MR. Retrospective review reveals few complications of ovarian pedicle tie in 15,927 cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy at a large HQHVSN clinic and training facility in the United States: 2017-2018. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2022;260(S2):S28-S35. doi:10.2460\/javma.21.09.0405"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref3","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"1023","article-title":"Complications of ovariohysterectomy and orchiectomy in companion animals","volume":"41","author":"Adin CA","year":"2011","unstructured":"Adin CA. Complications of ovariohysterectomy and orchiectomy in companion animals. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2011;41(5):1023-1039. doi:10.1016\/j.cvsm.2011.05.004"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref4","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"160","article-title":"Pedicle ties provide a rapid and safe method for feline ovariohysterectomy","volume":"18","author":"Miller KP","year":"2016","unstructured":"Miller KP, Rekers W, Ellis K, Ellingsen K, Milovancev M. Pedicle ties provide a rapid and safe method for feline ovariohysterectomy. J Feline Med Surg. 2016;18(2):160-164. doi:10.1177\/1098612X15576589"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref5","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"11","article-title":"Feline blood transfusions: a pinker shade of pale","volume":"13","author":"Barfield D","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barfield D, Adamantos S. Feline blood transfusions: a pinker shade of pale. J Feline Med Surg. 2011;13(1):11-23. doi:10.1016\/j.jfms.2010.11.006"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref6","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"139","article-title":"Whole blood transfusions in 91 cats: a clinical evaluation","volume":"6","author":"Weingart C","year":"2004","unstructured":"Weingart C, Giger U, Kohn B. Whole blood transfusions in 91 cats: a clinical evaluation. J Feline Med Surg. 2004;6(3):139-148. doi:10.1016\/j.jfms.2004.01.005"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref7","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"487","article-title":"Blood loss and coagulation profile in pregnant and non-pregnant queens undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy","volume":"23","author":"Fudge JM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fudge JM, Page B, Mackrell A, Lee I, Jeffery U. Blood loss and coagulation profile in pregnant and non-pregnant queens undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. J Feline Med Surg. 2021;23(6):487-497. doi:10.1177\/1098612X20959610"},{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet J","first-page":"11","article-title":"Perioperative mortality in cats and dogs undergoing spay or castration at a high-volume clinic","volume":"224","author":"Levy JK","year":"2017","unstructured":"Levy JK, Bard KM, Tucker SJ, Diskant PD, Dingman PA. Perioperative mortality in cats and dogs undergoing spay or castration at a high-volume clinic. Vet J. 2017;224:11-15. doi:10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.05.013"},{"issue":"S2","key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"S28","article-title":"Retrospective review reveals few complications of ovarian pedicle tie in 15,927 cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy at a large HQHVSN clinic and training facility in the United States: 2017-2018","volume":"260","author":"Rigdon-Brestle K","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rigdon-Brestle K, Accornero VH, Amtower M, Slater MR. Retrospective review reveals few complications of ovarian pedicle tie in 15,927 cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy at a large HQHVSN clinic and training facility in the United States: 2017-2018. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2022;260(S2):S28-S35. doi:10.2460\/javma.21.09.0405"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref3","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"1023","article-title":"Complications of ovariohysterectomy and orchiectomy in companion animals","volume":"41","author":"Adin CA","year":"2011","unstructured":"Adin CA. Complications of ovariohysterectomy and orchiectomy in companion animals. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2011;41(5):1023-1039. doi:10.1016\/j.cvsm.2011.05.004"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref4","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"160","article-title":"Pedicle ties provide a rapid and safe method for feline ovariohysterectomy","volume":"18","author":"Miller KP","year":"2016","unstructured":"Miller KP, Rekers W, Ellis K, Ellingsen K, Milovancev M. Pedicle ties provide a rapid and safe method for feline ovariohysterectomy. J Feline Med Surg. 2016;18(2):160-164. doi:10.1177\/1098612X15576589"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref5","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"11","article-title":"Feline blood transfusions: a pinker shade of pale","volume":"13","author":"Barfield D","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barfield D, Adamantos S. Feline blood transfusions: a pinker shade of pale. J Feline Med Surg. 2011;13(1):11-23. doi:10.1016\/j.jfms.2010.11.006"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref6","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"139","article-title":"Whole blood transfusions in 91 cats: a clinical evaluation","volume":"6","author":"Weingart C","year":"2004","unstructured":"Weingart C, Giger U, Kohn B. Whole blood transfusions in 91 cats: a clinical evaluation. J Feline Med Surg. 2004;6(3):139-148. doi:10.1016\/j.jfms.2004.01.005"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref7","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"487","article-title":"Blood loss and coagulation profile in pregnant and non-pregnant queens undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy","volume":"23","author":"Fudge JM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fudge JM, Page B, Mackrell A, Lee I, Jeffery U. Blood loss and coagulation profile in pregnant and non-pregnant queens undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. J Feline Med Surg. 2021;23(6):487-497. doi:10.1177\/1098612X20959610"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/264\/2\/javma.25.06.0394.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/264\/2\/javma.25.06.0394.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/264\/2\/javma.25.06.0394.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T13:19:26Z","timestamp":1768569566000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/264\/2\/javma.25.06.0394.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.25.06.0394","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]}}}