{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T21:09:06Z","timestamp":1765573746382,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the long-term clinical significance of hepatolithiasis identified in dogs undergoing cholecystectomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>14 dogs that underwent cholecystectomy at a single university and had evidence of mineralizations or stones within the intrahepatic ducts on preoperative ultrasound between January 1, 2014, and May 31, 2024, were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dogs diagnosed with gallbladder disease requiring cholecystectomy and hepatolithiasis on preoperative ultrasound with or without intrahepatic duct dilation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 183 dogs undergoing cholecystectomy in 10 years, 14 (8%) were diagnosed with hepatolithiasis on preoperative diagnostic imaging. The median age and weight at the time of surgery were 11 years old (range, 3 to 13 years) and 7.3 kg (range, 1.63 to 30.0 kg), respectively. Gallbladder culture results were available for 12 of 14 dogs, showing no growth in 7 of 12 (58%), unimicrobial growth in 3 of 12 (25%), and polymicrobial growth in 2 of 12 (16.7%). Liver biopsies most commonly revealed hepatitis or cholangiohepatitis (9 of 14 [64%]). None of the dogs had any hepatoliths addressed during the cholecystectomy procedure. Perioperative mortality occurred in 2 of 14 (14%). No dogs surviving the perioperative period required follow-up surgical intervention due to progression or migration of hepatoliths into the common bile duct or other intrahepatic biliary obstruction within a median follow-up of 538.5 days (range, 147 to 3,316 days).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hepatolithiasis did not pose long-term complications in this population of dogs undergoing cholecystectomy. Dogs did not require secondary surgeries or long-term medical management for hepatolithiasis; therefore, the prognosis did not appear to be worse in dogs undergoing cholecystectomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.25.06.0407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T19:46:23Z","timestamp":1758138383000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Presence of hepatolithiasis in dogs undergoing cholecystectomy did not lead to biliary obstruction within the first postoperative year in 14 cases (2014\u20132024)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"264","author":[{"given":"Emmy Y.","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Porter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meredith","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4623-3582","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicole","family":"Buote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"13","key":"ref1","series-title":"World J Gastroenterol","first-page":"1836","article-title":"Hepatolithiasis: epidemiology, presentation, classification and management of a complex disease","volume":"30","author":"Motta RV","year":"2024","unstructured":"Motta RV, Saffioti F, Mavroeidis VK. Hepatolithiasis: epidemiology, presentation, classification and management of a complex disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2024;30(13):1836-1850. doi:10.3748\/wjg.v30.i13.1836"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Radiopaedia","article-title":"Hepatolithiasis","author":"Knipe H","unstructured":"Knipe H, Sharma R, Elfeky M,  Hepatolithiasis. Radiopaedia. Published online January 18, 2016. doi:10.53347\/rID-42362"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Radiopaedia","article-title":"Choledocholithiasis","author":"Gaillard F","unstructured":"Gaillard F, Walizai T, Sattar A,  Choledocholithiasis. Radiopaedia. Published online January 5, 2010. doi:10.53347\/rID-8059"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref4","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"432","article-title":"Clinical relevance of radiographic linear branching mineral opacities in the canine liver","volume":"59","author":"Genain MA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Genain MA, Barbosa A, Herrtage M, Watson P. 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