{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T14:30:27Z","timestamp":1779114627327,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Arterial blood sampling is typically performed in lateral recumbency. In dogs with suspected hypoxemia, arterial blood sampling in this position may exacerbate hypoxemia. Upright positioning for dorsal pedal artery sampling often reduces restraint and eases breathing in dyspneic dogs. The objective of this technical tutorial video is to demonstrate a safe and accurate method for performing arterial blood sampling, even in conscious small-breed dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dogs, especially those of small breeds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The arterial puncture site was clipped, and a topical local anesthetic was applied for 1 hour. Dogs were held in an upright position to avoid lateral or dorsal recumbency. To prevent limb movement during arterial puncture, the heel of the dog\u2019s target leg was secured with an index finger. The dorsal pedal artery was palpated with a finger of the other hand to trace the vascular course. A 25-gauge needle with a heparinized syringe was inserted with the bevel up and advanced horizontally under the skin toward the dorsal pedal artery, avoiding contact with the metatarsus. Upon entering the arterial cavity, blood flowed spontaneously into the syringe. After the required blood was collected, the needle was removed and pressure was applied with cotton and a self-adherent elastic bandage wrap for at least 5 minutes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Arterial blood sample was successfully collected without causing increased distress to the patient.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This method enables safe and accurate arterial blood gas analysis in conscious small-breed dogs, making it useful for early detection of hypoxemia and as a sensitive indicator of treatment response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.25.07.0457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T14:32:16Z","timestamp":1761748336000},"page":"1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Arterial blood sampling via dorsal pedal artery in conscious small-breed dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"264","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7995-4760","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seijirow","family":"Goya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2910-8689","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daichi","family":"Seki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Anesthesiology and Respiratory Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9229-1072","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kento","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"1087","article-title":"Clinical pulmonary function testing in dogs and cats","volume":"22","author":"McKiernan BC","year":"1992","unstructured":"McKiernan BC, Johnson LR. Clinical pulmonary function testing in dogs and cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1992;22(5):1087-1099. doi:10.1016\/S0195-5616(92)50302-3"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref2","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","first-page":"352","article-title":"Comparison of 4 point-of-care blood gas analyzers for arterial blood gas analysis in healthy dogs and dogs with cardiopulmonary disease","volume":"26","author":"Roels E","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roels E, Gommeren K, Farnir F, Delvaux F, Billen F, Clercx C. Comparison of 4 point-of-care blood gas analyzers for arterial blood gas analysis in healthy dogs and dogs with cardiopulmonary disease. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2016;26(3):352-359. doi:10.1111\/vec.12469"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref3","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","first-page":"299","article-title":"Agreement between arterial and central venous blood pH and its contributing variables in anaesthetized dogs with respiratory acidosis","volume":"49","author":"Kadwa AR","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kadwa AR, Boustead KJ, Zeiler GE. Agreement between arterial and central venous blood pH and its contributing variables in anaesthetized dogs with respiratory acidosis. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2022;49(3):299-303. doi:10.1016\/j.vaa.2022.02.001"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Ettinger\u2019s Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine","first-page":"361","article-title":"Venous and arterial puncture","author":"Merrill L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Merrill L. Venous and arterial puncture. In: Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC, C\u00f4t\u00e9 E, eds. Ettinger\u2019s Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 9th ed. Elsevier; 2024:361\u2013363."},{"issue":"6","key":"ref5","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","first-page":"564","article-title":"Effect of body position on the arterial partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in spontaneously breathing, conscious dogs in an intensive care unit","volume":"19","author":"McMillan MW","year":"2009","unstructured":"McMillan MW, Whitaker KE, Hughes D, Brodbelt DC, Boag AK. Effect of body position on the arterial partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in spontaneously breathing, conscious dogs in an intensive care unit. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2009;19(6):564-570. doi:10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2009.00480.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"1087","article-title":"Clinical pulmonary function testing in dogs and cats","volume":"22","author":"McKiernan BC","year":"1992","unstructured":"McKiernan BC, Johnson LR. Clinical pulmonary function testing in dogs and cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1992;22(5):1087-1099. doi:10.1016\/S0195-5616(92)50302-3"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref2","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","first-page":"352","article-title":"Comparison of 4 point-of-care blood gas analyzers for arterial blood gas analysis in healthy dogs and dogs with cardiopulmonary disease","volume":"26","author":"Roels E","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roels E, Gommeren K, Farnir F, Delvaux F, Billen F, Clercx C. Comparison of 4 point-of-care blood gas analyzers for arterial blood gas analysis in healthy dogs and dogs with cardiopulmonary disease. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2016;26(3):352-359. doi:10.1111\/vec.12469"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref3","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","first-page":"299","article-title":"Agreement between arterial and central venous blood pH and its contributing variables in anaesthetized dogs with respiratory acidosis","volume":"49","author":"Kadwa AR","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kadwa AR, Boustead KJ, Zeiler GE. Agreement between arterial and central venous blood pH and its contributing variables in anaesthetized dogs with respiratory acidosis. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2022;49(3):299-303. doi:10.1016\/j.vaa.2022.02.001"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Ettinger\u2019s Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine","first-page":"361","article-title":"Venous and arterial puncture","author":"Merrill L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Merrill L. Venous and arterial puncture. In: Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC, C\u00f4t\u00e9 E, eds. Ettinger\u2019s Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 9th ed. Elsevier; 2024:361\u2013363."},{"issue":"6","key":"ref5","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","first-page":"564","article-title":"Effect of body position on the arterial partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in spontaneously breathing, conscious dogs in an intensive care unit","volume":"19","author":"McMillan MW","year":"2009","unstructured":"McMillan MW, Whitaker KE, Hughes D, Brodbelt DC, Boag AK. Effect of body position on the arterial partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in spontaneously breathing, conscious dogs in an intensive care unit. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2009;19(6):564-570. doi:10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2009.00480.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/264\/6\/javma.25.07.0457.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/264\/6\/javma.25.07.0457.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/264\/6\/javma.25.07.0457.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T13:51:57Z","timestamp":1779112317000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/264\/6\/javma.25.07.0457.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.25.07.0457","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]}}}