{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T15:24:35Z","timestamp":1776439475089,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To highlight clinical and clinicopathologic differences between kittens with feline infectious peritonitis\u2013associated uveitis (FIP-AU) versus those with an otherwise similar feline undifferentiated resolving uveitis (FURU).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical and clinicopathologic data were compared between 22 kittens with FURU and 8 with necropsy-confirmed FIP-AU examined between January 1, 1985, and December 31, 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sex, lifestyle, seasonality, household cat numbers and systemic signs were similar in both groups. Feline undifferentiated resolving uveitis occurred predominantly in domestic-breed kittens from shelters, whereas FIP-AU was more frequent in purebred or stray cats. Duration of ocular signs before presentation was 1 to 2 weeks for FURU versus &gt; 2 months for FIP-AU. Feline undifferentiated resolving uveitis was more commonly associated with episcleral hyperemia while FIP-AU was more commonly associated with corneal edema, dyscoria, rubeosis iridis, iridal congestion\/thickening, posterior synechia, or keratic precipitates. Corneal edema and chemosis were more severe in FIP-AU. No eyes with FURU had fundic abnormalities whereas 6 of 11 eyes with FIP-AU had chorioretinitis. All kittens with FIP-AU presented bilaterally whereas 5 of 15 kittens in which FURU was ultimately bilateral, initially presented unilaterally. Hyperproteinemia, hyperglobulinemia, and hyperbilirubinemia occurred only with FIP-AU. Neither likelihood of a positive coronavirus titer nor titer magnitude differed between groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Kittens can develop bilateral fibrinous uveitis with keratic precipitates, systemic signs of illness, and serum coronavirus antibodies which resolves without sequelae following empirical treatment. Syndromic assessment\u2014including careful fundic examination\u2014can help differentiate FURU from FIP-AU and should precede antiviral therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Resolution of uveitis during antiviral treatment does not confirm FIP. Comprehensive diagnostic evaluation is essential to avoid misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.25.07.0469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T16:09:56Z","timestamp":1767802196000},"page":"550-558","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical and clinicopathologic features of an undifferentiated resolving uveitis in kittens similar to that seen with feline infectious peritonitis"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"264","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9613-9933","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hikaru","family":"Shiraishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8062-0028","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Karen M.","family":"Vernau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5183-3980","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eunju","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ariana R.","family":"Dubelko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordyn","family":"Purpura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7166-1442","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Dear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven R.","family":"Hollingsworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara M.","family":"Thomasy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn L.","family":"Good","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. Tomo","family":"Wiggans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian G.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6213-0925","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Philip H.","family":"Kass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6537-4335","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David J.","family":"Maggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"ref1","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"167","article-title":"Feline uveitis. An \u2018intraocular lymphadenopathy","volume":"11","author":"Maggs DJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Maggs DJ. Feline uveitis. An \u2018intraocular lymphadenopathy.\u2019 J Feline Med Surg. 2009;11(3):167-182. doi:10.1016\/j.jfms.2009.01.001"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Am J Ophthalmol.","first-page":"193","article-title":"Reclassifying idiopathic uveitis: lessons from a tertiary uveitis center","volume":"198","author":"Choi RY","year":"2019","unstructured":"Choi RY, Rivera-Grana E, Rosenbaum JT. Reclassifying idiopathic uveitis: lessons from a tertiary uveitis center. Am J Ophthalmol. 2019;198:193-199. doi:10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.10.018"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref3","series-title":"Am J Ophthalmol.","first-page":"228","article-title":"Approach to the diagnosis of the uveitides","volume":"156","author":"Jabs DA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jabs DA, Busingye J. Approach to the diagnosis of the uveitides. Am J Ophthalmol. 2013;156(2):228-236. doi:10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.03.027"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref4","series-title":"Open Vet J.","first-page":"1195","article-title":"Etiologies of nontraumatic feline uveitis in the UK: a retrospective observational study of 72 cats","volume":"13","author":"Salih A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Salih A, Giannikaki S, Escanilla N, Ioannides-Hoey CSFK, Best M. Etiologies of nontraumatic feline uveitis in the UK: a retrospective observational study of 72 cats. Open Vet J. 2023;13(9):1195-1204. doi:10.5455\/OVJ.2023.v13.i9.15"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref5","series-title":"Vet Ophthalmol.","first-page":"30","article-title":"Causes of endogenous uveitis in cats presented to referral clinics in North Carolina","volume":"19","author":"Jinks MR","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jinks MR, English RV, Gilger BC. Causes of endogenous uveitis in cats presented to referral clinics in North Carolina. Vet Ophthalmol. 2016;19(Suppl 1):30-37. doi:10.1111\/vop.12324"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref6","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract.","first-page":"987","article-title":"Feline infectious peritonitis","volume":"30","author":"Andrew SE","year":"2000","unstructured":"Andrew SE. Feline infectious peritonitis. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2000;30(5):987-1000. doi:10.1016\/S0195-5616(00)05002-6"},{"issue":"5 Pt 2","key":"ref7","series-title":"Am J Ophthalmol.","first-page":"155","article-title":"Signs and symptoms of uveitis. I. Anterior uveitis","volume":"47","author":"Hogan MJ","year":"1959","unstructured":"Hogan MJ, Kimura SJ, Thygeson P. Signs and symptoms of uveitis. I. Anterior uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1959;47(5 Pt 2):155-170. doi:10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)78239-X"},{"issue":"5 Pt 2","key":"ref8","series-title":"Am J Ophthalmol.","first-page":"171","article-title":"Signs and symptoms of uveitis. II. Classification of the posterior manifestations of uveitis","volume":"47","author":"Kimura SJ","year":"1959","unstructured":"Kimura SJ, Thygeson P, Hogan MJ. Signs and symptoms of uveitis. II. Classification of the posterior manifestations of uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1959;47(5 Pt 2):171-176. doi:10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)78240-6"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref9","series-title":"Viruses.","first-page":"15","article-title":"Feline infectious peritonitis: European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases Guidelines","volume":"15","author":"Tasker S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tasker S, Addie DD, Egberink H,  Feline infectious peritonitis: European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases Guidelines. Viruses. 2023;15(9):15. doi:10.3390\/v15091847"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref10","series-title":"Aust Vet J.","first-page":"666","article-title":"Clinicopathological findings associated with feline infectious peritonitis in Sydney, Australia: 42 cases (1990-2002)","volume":"83","author":"Norris JM","year":"2005","unstructured":"Norris JM, Bosward KL, White JD, Baral RM, Catt MJ, Malik R. Clinicopathological findings associated with feline infectious peritonitis in Sydney, Australia: 42 cases (1990-2002). Aust Vet J. 2005;83(11):666-673. doi:10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2005.tb13044.x"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc.","first-page":"345","article-title":"An appraisal of the value of laboratory tests in the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis","volume":"30","author":"Sparkes AH","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sparkes AH, Gruffydd-Jones TJ, Harbour DA. An appraisal of the value of laboratory tests in the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 1994;30:345-350."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref12","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med.","first-page":"1587","article-title":"Antiviral treatment using the adenosine nucleoside analogue GS-441524 in cats with clinically diagnosed neurological feline infectious peritonitis","volume":"34","author":"Dickinson PJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dickinson PJ, Bannasch M, Thomasy SM,  Antiviral treatment using the adenosine nucleoside analogue GS-441524 in cats with clinically diagnosed neurological feline infectious peritonitis. J Vet Intern Med. 2020;34(4):1587-1593. doi:10.1111\/jvim.15780"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Vet Microbiol.","first-page":"226","article-title":"The nucleoside analog GS-441524 strongly inhibits feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus in tissue culture and experimental cat infection studies","volume":"219","author":"Murphy BG","year":"2018","unstructured":"Murphy BG, Perron M, Murakami E,  The nucleoside analog GS-441524 strongly inhibits feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus in tissue culture and experimental cat infection studies. Vet Microbiol. 2018;219:226-233. doi:10.1016\/j.vetmic.2018.04.026"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref14","series-title":"PLoS Pathog.","first-page":"e1005531","article-title":"Reversal of the progression of fatal coronavirus infection in cats by a broad-spectrum coronavirus protease inhibitor","volume":"12","author":"Kim Y","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim Y, Liu H, Galasiti Kankanamalage AC,  Reversal of the progression of fatal coronavirus infection in cats by a broad-spectrum coronavirus protease inhibitor. PLoS Pathog. 2016;12(3):e1005531. doi:10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005531"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref15","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med.","first-page":"e70253","article-title":"Treatment with remdesivir alone or in combination with GS-441524 in cats with ocular involvement of feline infectious peritonitis: an observational case series","volume":"39","author":"Andrews ALMM","year":"2025","unstructured":"Andrews ALMM, Izaguirre E, Green J,  Treatment with remdesivir alone or in combination with GS-441524 in cats with ocular involvement of feline infectious peritonitis: an observational case series. J Vet Intern Med. 2025;39(6):e70253. doi:10.1111\/jvim.70253"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref1","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"167","article-title":"Feline uveitis. An \u2018intraocular lymphadenopathy","volume":"11","author":"Maggs DJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Maggs DJ. Feline uveitis. An \u2018intraocular lymphadenopathy.\u2019 J Feline Med Surg. 2009;11(3):167-182. doi:10.1016\/j.jfms.2009.01.001"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Am J Ophthalmol.","first-page":"193","article-title":"Reclassifying idiopathic uveitis: lessons from a tertiary uveitis center","volume":"198","author":"Choi RY","year":"2019","unstructured":"Choi RY, Rivera-Grana E, Rosenbaum JT. Reclassifying idiopathic uveitis: lessons from a tertiary uveitis center. Am J Ophthalmol. 2019;198:193-199. doi:10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.10.018"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref3","series-title":"Am J Ophthalmol.","first-page":"228","article-title":"Approach to the diagnosis of the uveitides","volume":"156","author":"Jabs DA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jabs DA, Busingye J. Approach to the diagnosis of the uveitides. Am J Ophthalmol. 2013;156(2):228-236. doi:10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.03.027"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref4","series-title":"Open Vet J.","first-page":"1195","article-title":"Etiologies of nontraumatic feline uveitis in the UK: a retrospective observational study of 72 cats","volume":"13","author":"Salih A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Salih A, Giannikaki S, Escanilla N, Ioannides-Hoey CSFK, Best M. Etiologies of nontraumatic feline uveitis in the UK: a retrospective observational study of 72 cats. Open Vet J. 2023;13(9):1195-1204. doi:10.5455\/OVJ.2023.v13.i9.15"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref5","series-title":"Vet Ophthalmol.","first-page":"30","article-title":"Causes of endogenous uveitis in cats presented to referral clinics in North Carolina","volume":"19","author":"Jinks MR","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jinks MR, English RV, Gilger BC. Causes of endogenous uveitis in cats presented to referral clinics in North Carolina. Vet Ophthalmol. 2016;19(Suppl 1):30-37. doi:10.1111\/vop.12324"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref6","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract.","first-page":"987","article-title":"Feline infectious peritonitis","volume":"30","author":"Andrew SE","year":"2000","unstructured":"Andrew SE. Feline infectious peritonitis. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2000;30(5):987-1000. doi:10.1016\/S0195-5616(00)05002-6"},{"issue":"5 Pt 2","key":"ref7","series-title":"Am J Ophthalmol.","first-page":"155","article-title":"Signs and symptoms of uveitis. I. Anterior uveitis","volume":"47","author":"Hogan MJ","year":"1959","unstructured":"Hogan MJ, Kimura SJ, Thygeson P. Signs and symptoms of uveitis. I. Anterior uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1959;47(5 Pt 2):155-170. doi:10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)78239-X"},{"issue":"5 Pt 2","key":"ref8","series-title":"Am J Ophthalmol.","first-page":"171","article-title":"Signs and symptoms of uveitis. II. Classification of the posterior manifestations of uveitis","volume":"47","author":"Kimura SJ","year":"1959","unstructured":"Kimura SJ, Thygeson P, Hogan MJ. Signs and symptoms of uveitis. II. Classification of the posterior manifestations of uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1959;47(5 Pt 2):171-176. doi:10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)78240-6"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref9","series-title":"Viruses.","first-page":"15","article-title":"Feline infectious peritonitis: European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases Guidelines","volume":"15","author":"Tasker S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tasker S, Addie DD, Egberink H,  Feline infectious peritonitis: European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases Guidelines. Viruses. 2023;15(9):15. doi:10.3390\/v15091847"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref10","series-title":"Aust Vet J.","first-page":"666","article-title":"Clinicopathological findings associated with feline infectious peritonitis in Sydney, Australia: 42 cases (1990-2002)","volume":"83","author":"Norris JM","year":"2005","unstructured":"Norris JM, Bosward KL, White JD, Baral RM, Catt MJ, Malik R. Clinicopathological findings associated with feline infectious peritonitis in Sydney, Australia: 42 cases (1990-2002). Aust Vet J. 2005;83(11):666-673. doi:10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2005.tb13044.x"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc.","first-page":"345","article-title":"An appraisal of the value of laboratory tests in the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis","volume":"30","author":"Sparkes AH","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sparkes AH, Gruffydd-Jones TJ, Harbour DA. An appraisal of the value of laboratory tests in the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 1994;30:345-350."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref12","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med.","first-page":"1587","article-title":"Antiviral treatment using the adenosine nucleoside analogue GS-441524 in cats with clinically diagnosed neurological feline infectious peritonitis","volume":"34","author":"Dickinson PJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dickinson PJ, Bannasch M, Thomasy SM,  Antiviral treatment using the adenosine nucleoside analogue GS-441524 in cats with clinically diagnosed neurological feline infectious peritonitis. J Vet Intern Med. 2020;34(4):1587-1593. doi:10.1111\/jvim.15780"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Vet Microbiol.","first-page":"226","article-title":"The nucleoside analog GS-441524 strongly inhibits feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus in tissue culture and experimental cat infection studies","volume":"219","author":"Murphy BG","year":"2018","unstructured":"Murphy BG, Perron M, Murakami E,  The nucleoside analog GS-441524 strongly inhibits feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus in tissue culture and experimental cat infection studies. Vet Microbiol. 2018;219:226-233. doi:10.1016\/j.vetmic.2018.04.026"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref14","series-title":"PLoS Pathog.","first-page":"e1005531","article-title":"Reversal of the progression of fatal coronavirus infection in cats by a broad-spectrum coronavirus protease inhibitor","volume":"12","author":"Kim Y","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim Y, Liu H, Galasiti Kankanamalage AC,  Reversal of the progression of fatal coronavirus infection in cats by a broad-spectrum coronavirus protease inhibitor. PLoS Pathog. 2016;12(3):e1005531. doi:10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005531"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref15","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med.","first-page":"e70253","article-title":"Treatment with remdesivir alone or in combination with GS-441524 in cats with ocular involvement of feline infectious peritonitis: an observational case series","volume":"39","author":"Andrews ALMM","year":"2025","unstructured":"Andrews ALMM, Izaguirre E, Green J,  Treatment with remdesivir alone or in combination with GS-441524 in cats with ocular involvement of feline infectious peritonitis: an observational case series. J Vet Intern Med. 2025;39(6):e70253. doi:10.1111\/jvim.70253"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/264\/5\/javma.25.07.0469.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/264\/5\/javma.25.07.0469.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/264\/5\/javma.25.07.0469.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T14:33:32Z","timestamp":1776436412000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/264\/5\/javma.25.07.0469.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.25.07.0469","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]}}}