{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T16:53:39Z","timestamp":1784739219592,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the feasibility of performing meniscal transection and shaver debridement (MTSD) with a 1.9-mm needle arthroscope (needle arthroscopy [NA]) in medium-sized (7- to 15-kg) dogs, and to compare meniscal visibility, procedural difficulty, and iatrogenic articular cartilage injury (IACI) with a standard 2.7-mm arthroscope (standard arthroscopy [SA]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study was conducted between May 1 and July 31, 2024. Paired pelvic limbs from 24 medium-sized canine cadavers were alternately assigned to 1 of 2 operators. Within each pair, stifles were then randomly assigned to NA or SA. Each stifle underwent arthroscopic joint exploration and MTSD. Meniscal visibility scores and procedural difficulty scores were assigned. Following MTSD, joints were carefully disarticulated and IACI was determined with an India ink assay. Incidence and total surface area (mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) of IACI were recorded. Mann-Whitney tests were utilized to assess for differences in meniscal visibility, procedural difficulty, and IACI between NA and SA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Meniscal visibility scores were significantly higher with NA for both medial and lateral menisci. There were no significant differences in procedural difficulty scores or IACI between arthroscope types.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MTSD can be successfully performed with NA in medium-sized dogs. The needle arthroscope provided significantly improved meniscal visibility compared to SA, without increasing procedural difficulty or IACI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings support the consideration of NA as a valuable tool for meniscal evaluation and treatment in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.25.07.0473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T18:36:49Z","timestamp":1757529409000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Needle arthroscopy enables safe and effective meniscal treatment in medium-sized dogs, with superior visibility compared to standard arthroscopy"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"264","author":[{"given":"Anya M.","family":"Morrissey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Whitney D.","family":"Hinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan T.","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentine D.","family":"Verpaalen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1601","article-title":"Arthroscopic evaluation of menisci in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament injuries: 100 cases (1999-2000)","volume":"221","author":"Ralphs SC","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ralphs SC, Whitney WO. Arthroscopic evaluation of menisci in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament injuries: 100 cases (1999-2000). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2002;221(11):1601-1604. doi:10.2460\/javma.2002.221.1601"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"820","article-title":"Accuracy of needle arthroscopy for the diagnosis of medial meniscal tears in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture","volume":"52","author":"Evers JS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Evers JS, Kim SE, Johnson MD, Lazarus MA. Accuracy of needle arthroscopy for the diagnosis of medial meniscal tears in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Vet Surg. 2023;52(6):820-826. doi:10.1111\/vsu.13828"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref3","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"686","article-title":"Comparison of incidence of medial meniscal injury in small dogs (\u226415 kg) and medium-to-large dogs (>15 kg) with naturally occurring cranial cruciate ligament disease undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy: 580 stifles (2015 - 2019)","volume":"63","author":"Colthurst SMM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Colthurst SMM, Simcock JO, Cashmore RG. Comparison of incidence of medial meniscal injury in small dogs (\u226415 kg) and medium-to-large dogs (>15 kg) with naturally occurring cranial cruciate ligament disease undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy: 580 stifles (2015 - 2019). J Small Anim Pract. 2022;63(9):686-691. doi:10.1111\/jsap.13523"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"37","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for bilateral meniscal tears identified during treatment for cranial cruciate ligament disease via tibial plateau levelling osteotomy in dogs","volume":"34","author":"Laube RL","year":"2021","unstructured":"Laube RL, Kerstetter KK. Prevalence and risk factors for bilateral meniscal tears identified during treatment for cranial cruciate ligament disease via tibial plateau levelling osteotomy in dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2021;34(1):37-42. doi:10.1055\/s-0040-1717134"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref5","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"254","article-title":"The significance of the meniscal flounce sign in canine stifle arthroscopy","volume":"51","author":"Katz LR","year":"2022","unstructured":"Katz LR, Raske ME, Hulse DA. The significance of the meniscal flounce sign in canine stifle arthroscopy. Vet Surg. 2022;51(2):254-258. doi:10.1111\/vsu.13722"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref6","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"365","article-title":"Meniscal injury following initial cranial cruciate ligament stabilization surgery in 26 dogs (29 stifles)","volume":"21","author":"Case JB","year":"2008","unstructured":"Case JB, Hulse D, Kerwin SC, Peycke LE. Meniscal injury following initial cranial cruciate ligament stabilization surgery in 26 dogs (29 stifles). Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2008;21(4):365-367. doi:10.3415\/VCOT-07-07-0070"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref7","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"110","article-title":"Isolated medial meniscal tear in a Border Collie","volume":"19","author":"Ridge PA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ridge PA. Isolated medial meniscal tear in a Border Collie. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2006;19(2):110-112. doi:10.1055\/s-0038-1632984"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref8","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"e4841","article-title":"Medial joint line tenderness is an indicator for meniscal injuries in dogs","volume":"197","author":"McDonald DJ","year":"2024","unstructured":"McDonald DJ, Nakahara N, Gal A, Mitchell RAS. Medial joint line tenderness is an indicator for meniscal injuries in dogs. Vet Rec. 2024;197(1):e4841. doi:10.1002\/vetr.4841"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref9","series-title":"BMC Res Notes","first-page":"36","article-title":"Associations between meniscal tears and various degrees of osteoarthritis among dogs undergoing TPLO for cranial cruciate ligament rupture","volume":"16","author":"Fung C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fung C, Ficklin M, Okafor CC. Associations between meniscal tears and various degrees of osteoarthritis among dogs undergoing TPLO for cranial cruciate ligament rupture. BMC Res Notes. 2023;16(1):36. doi:10.1186\/s13104-023-06307-0"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref10","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"952","article-title":"Incidence and type of meniscal injury and associated long-term clinical outcomes in dogs treated surgically for cranial cruciate ligament disease","volume":"43","author":"Ritzo ME","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ritzo ME, Ritzo BA, Siddens AD, Summerlott S, Cook JL. Incidence and type of meniscal injury and associated long-term clinical outcomes in dogs treated surgically for cranial cruciate ligament disease. Vet Surg. 2014;43(8):952-958. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2014.12220.x"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref11","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"ajvr","article-title":"Concurrent bucket handle meniscal tear treated with arthroscopic partial meniscectomy does not influence midterm outcomes after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy","volume":"84","author":"Saban C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saban C, Hebrard L, Roels J, Harel M, Livet V, Cachon T. Concurrent bucket handle meniscal tear treated with arthroscopic partial meniscectomy does not influence midterm outcomes after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy. Am J Vet Res. 2023;84(10):ajvr.23.05.0102. doi:10.2460\/ajvr.23.05.0102"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref12","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"749","article-title":"Comparison of arthroscopy and arthrotomy for diagnosis of medial meniscal pathology: an ex vivo study","volume":"37","author":"Pozzi A","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pozzi A, Hildreth BE III, Rajala-Schultz PJ. Comparison of arthroscopy and arthrotomy for diagnosis of medial meniscal pathology: an ex vivo study. Vet Surg. 2008;37(8):749-755. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2008.00442.x"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref13","series-title":"Arthrosc Tech","first-page":"e1943","article-title":"Nanoscopic medial meniscus repair","volume":"10","author":"Lavender C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lavender C, Flores K, Patel T, Berdis G, Blickenstaff B. Nanoscopic medial meniscus repair. Arthrosc Tech. 2021;10(8):e1943-e1947. doi:10.1016\/j.eats.2021.04.024"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref14","series-title":"Arthrosc Tech","first-page":"e2173","article-title":"Needle arthroscopic all-inside repair of meniscal tears under local anesthesia","volume":"10","author":"Stornebrink T","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stornebrink T, van Dijck RAHE, Douven D, Kerkhoffs GMMJ. Needle arthroscopic all-inside repair of meniscal tears under local anesthesia. Arthrosc Tech. 2021;10(9):e2173-e2180. doi:10.1016\/j.eats.2021.05.020"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref15","series-title":"Arthrosc Tech","first-page":"e593","article-title":"Partial medial meniscectomy using needle arthroscopy and a standardized local anesthetic protocol","volume":"9","author":"Daggett M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Daggett M, Tucker T, Monaco E,  Partial medial meniscectomy using needle arthroscopy and a standardized local anesthetic protocol. Arthrosc Tech. 2020;9(5):e593-e598. doi:10.1016\/j.eats.2020.01.010"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref16","series-title":"Arthrosc Tech","first-page":"e375","article-title":"Incisionless partial medial meniscectomy","volume":"9","author":"Lavender C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lavender C, Lycans D, Sina Adil SA, Kopiec A, Schmicker T. Incisionless partial medial meniscectomy. Arthrosc Tech. 2020;9(3):e375-e378. doi:10.1016\/j.eats.2019.11.003"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref17","series-title":"Arthrosc Tech","first-page":"e645","article-title":"Diagnostic needle arthroscopy and partial medial meniscectomy using small bore needle arthroscopy","volume":"9","author":"Quinn R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Quinn R, Lang SD, Gilmer BB. Diagnostic needle arthroscopy and partial medial meniscectomy using small bore needle arthroscopy. Arthrosc Tech. 2020;9(5):e645-e650. doi:10.1016\/j.eats.2020.01.018"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Knee","first-page":"246","article-title":"The role of outpatient needle arthroscopy in the diagnosis and management of musculoskeletal complaints: a systematic review of the Arthrex NanoScope","volume":"42","author":"Burt J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Burt J, Smith V, Gee CW, Clarke JV, Hall AJ. The role of outpatient needle arthroscopy in the diagnosis and management of musculoskeletal complaints: a systematic review of the Arthrex NanoScope. Knee. 2023;42:246-257. doi:10.1016\/j.knee.2023.04.003"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref19","series-title":"Arthrosc Tech","first-page":"e1821","article-title":"In-office needle arthroscopy with meniscal repair for meniscal lesions of the knee","volume":"12","author":"Kirschner N","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kirschner N, Owusu-Sarpong S, Neal WHE,  In-office needle arthroscopy with meniscal repair for meniscal lesions of the knee. Arthrosc Tech. 2023;12(10):e1821-e1826. doi:10.1016\/j.eats.2023.06.013"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref20","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"461","article-title":"Comparison of classic and needle arthroscopy to diagnose canine medial shoulder instability: 31 cases","volume":"62","author":"von Pfeil DJF","year":"2021","unstructured":"von Pfeil DJF, Megliola S, Horstman C, Tan D, Glassman M. Comparison of classic and needle arthroscopy to diagnose canine medial shoulder instability: 31 cases. Can Vet J. 2021;62(5):461-468."},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"ref21","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"O116","article-title":"Comparison of needle arthroscopy, traditional arthroscopy, and computed tomography for the evaluation of medial coronoid disease in the canine elbow","volume":"50","author":"Hersh-Boyle RA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hersh-Boyle RA, Chou PY, Kapatkin AS,  Comparison of needle arthroscopy, traditional arthroscopy, and computed tomography for the evaluation of medial coronoid disease in the canine elbow. Vet Surg. 2021;50(suppl 1):O116-O127. doi:10.1111\/vsu.13581"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref22","series-title":"N Z Vet J","first-page":"287","article-title":"Needle arthroscopy for exploration of the elbow joint: a case series of six dogs with preliminary cadaveric study","volume":"70","author":"Garnier P","year":"2022","unstructured":"Garnier P, Decambron A, Manassero M, Viateau V. Needle arthroscopy for exploration of the elbow joint: a case series of six dogs with preliminary cadaveric study. N Z Vet J. 2022;70(5):287-296. doi:10.1080\/00480169.2022.2090457"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref23","series-title":"N Z Vet J","first-page":"152","article-title":"Evaluation of a small-bore needle arthroscope for diagnosis and treatment of medial coronoid disease in dogs: a pilot study with short-term assessment","volume":"71","author":"Garnier P","year":"2023","unstructured":"Garnier P, Dekerle B, Vial J, Maurice E, Manassero M, Viateau V. Evaluation of a small-bore needle arthroscope for diagnosis and treatment of medial coronoid disease in dogs: a pilot study with short-term assessment. N Z Vet J. 2023;71(3):152-158. doi:10.1080\/00480169.2023.2181239"},{"issue":"S1","key":"ref24","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"O6","article-title":"Comparison of iatrogenic articular cartilage injury in canine stifle arthroscopy versus medial parapatellar mini-arthrotomy in a cadaveric model","volume":"47","author":"Rogatko CP","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rogatko CP, Warnock JJ, Bobe G, Verpaalen VD. Comparison of iatrogenic articular cartilage injury in canine stifle arthroscopy versus medial parapatellar mini-arthrotomy in a cadaveric model. Vet Surg. 2018;47(S1):O6-O14. doi:10.1111\/vsu.12736"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref25","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"516","article-title":"Proximal lateral insertion portal of an intra-articular arthroscopic stifle lever: a cadaveric study","volume":"54","author":"Lotsikas PJ","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lotsikas PJ, Ramsey HD, Kieves NR. Proximal lateral insertion portal of an intra-articular arthroscopic stifle lever: a cadaveric study. Vet Surg. 2024;54(3):516-523. doi:10.1111\/vsu.14133"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref26","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"1456","article-title":"Iatrogenic cartilage injury associated with the use of stainless-steel cannulas and silicone-guarded cannulas for canine stifle arthroscopy","volume":"48","author":"Cort\u00e9s I III","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cort\u00e9s I III, Warnock JJ, Ranganathan B, Bobe G. Iatrogenic cartilage injury associated with the use of stainless-steel cannulas and silicone-guarded cannulas for canine stifle arthroscopy. Vet Surg. 2019;48(8):1456-1465. doi:10.1111\/vsu.13288"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"1452969","article-title":"Arthroscopy and arthrotomy were equally effective for medial meniscal release but arthroscopy was minimally advantageous at preventing iatrogenic damage to the caudal cruciate ligament: a canine cadaveric study","volume":"12","author":"Gale DN","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gale DN, Frederick SW, Hettlich BF, Au JJ, Motta T. Arthroscopy and arthrotomy were equally effective for medial meniscal release but arthroscopy was minimally advantageous at preventing iatrogenic damage to the caudal cruciate ligament: a canine cadaveric study. Front Vet Sci. 2025;12:1452969. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2025.1452969"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref28","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"822","article-title":"Evaluation of iatrogenic articular cartilage injury associated with arthroscopic exploration of the canine elbow","volume":"54","author":"Iodence AE","year":"2025","unstructured":"Iodence AE, Verpaalen VD, Hinson WD, Budsberg SC. Evaluation of iatrogenic articular cartilage injury associated with arthroscopic exploration of the canine elbow. Vet Surg. 2025;54(5):822-830. doi:10.1111\/vsu.14272"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref29","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"636","article-title":"Feasibility of stifle medial meniscal release in toy breed dogs with and without a joint distractor","volume":"45","author":"Kim K","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim K, Lee H, Ragetly GR. Feasibility of stifle medial meniscal release in toy breed dogs with and without a joint distractor. Vet Surg. 2016;45(5):636-641. doi:10.1111\/vsu.12498"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref30","series-title":"J Vet Sci","first-page":"693","article-title":"Evaluation of an arthroscopic stifle lever for stifle joint distraction in toy breed dogs","volume":"19","author":"Park JY","year":"2018","unstructured":"Park JY, Jeong BS, Roh YS, Jeong SM, Lee HB. Evaluation of an arthroscopic stifle lever for stifle joint distraction in toy breed dogs. J Vet Sci. 2018;19(5):693-698. doi:10.4142\/jvs.2018.19.5.693"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref31","series-title":"Arthroscopy","first-page":"163","article-title":"Arthroscopic arthropathy: iatrogenic arthroscopic joint lesions in animals","volume":"2","author":"Klein W","year":"1986","unstructured":"Klein W, Kurze V. Arthroscopic arthropathy: iatrogenic arthroscopic joint lesions in animals. Arthroscopy. 1986;2(3):163-168. doi:10.1016\/S0749-8063(86)80059-7"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1601","article-title":"Arthroscopic evaluation of menisci in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament injuries: 100 cases (1999-2000)","volume":"221","author":"Ralphs SC","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ralphs SC, Whitney WO. Arthroscopic evaluation of menisci in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament injuries: 100 cases (1999-2000). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2002;221(11):1601-1604. doi:10.2460\/javma.2002.221.1601"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"820","article-title":"Accuracy of needle arthroscopy for the diagnosis of medial meniscal tears in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture","volume":"52","author":"Evers JS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Evers JS, Kim SE, Johnson MD, Lazarus MA. Accuracy of needle arthroscopy for the diagnosis of medial meniscal tears in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Vet Surg. 2023;52(6):820-826. doi:10.1111\/vsu.13828"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref3","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"686","article-title":"Comparison of incidence of medial meniscal injury in small dogs (\u226415 kg) and medium-to-large dogs (>15 kg) with naturally occurring cranial cruciate ligament disease undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy: 580 stifles (2015 - 2019)","volume":"63","author":"Colthurst SMM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Colthurst SMM, Simcock JO, Cashmore RG. Comparison of incidence of medial meniscal injury in small dogs (\u226415 kg) and medium-to-large dogs (>15 kg) with naturally occurring cranial cruciate ligament disease undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy: 580 stifles (2015 - 2019). J Small Anim Pract. 2022;63(9):686-691. doi:10.1111\/jsap.13523"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"37","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for bilateral meniscal tears identified during treatment for cranial cruciate ligament disease via tibial plateau levelling osteotomy in dogs","volume":"34","author":"Laube RL","year":"2021","unstructured":"Laube RL, Kerstetter KK. Prevalence and risk factors for bilateral meniscal tears identified during treatment for cranial cruciate ligament disease via tibial plateau levelling osteotomy in dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2021;34(1):37-42. doi:10.1055\/s-0040-1717134"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref5","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"254","article-title":"The significance of the meniscal flounce sign in canine stifle arthroscopy","volume":"51","author":"Katz LR","year":"2022","unstructured":"Katz LR, Raske ME, Hulse DA. The significance of the meniscal flounce sign in canine stifle arthroscopy. Vet Surg. 2022;51(2):254-258. doi:10.1111\/vsu.13722"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref6","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"365","article-title":"Meniscal injury following initial cranial cruciate ligament stabilization surgery in 26 dogs (29 stifles)","volume":"21","author":"Case JB","year":"2008","unstructured":"Case JB, Hulse D, Kerwin SC, Peycke LE. Meniscal injury following initial cranial cruciate ligament stabilization surgery in 26 dogs (29 stifles). Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2008;21(4):365-367. doi:10.3415\/VCOT-07-07-0070"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref7","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"110","article-title":"Isolated medial meniscal tear in a Border Collie","volume":"19","author":"Ridge PA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ridge PA. Isolated medial meniscal tear in a Border Collie. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2006;19(2):110-112. doi:10.1055\/s-0038-1632984"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref8","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"e4841","article-title":"Medial joint line tenderness is an indicator for meniscal injuries in dogs","volume":"197","author":"McDonald DJ","year":"2024","unstructured":"McDonald DJ, Nakahara N, Gal A, Mitchell RAS. Medial joint line tenderness is an indicator for meniscal injuries in dogs. Vet Rec. 2024;197(1):e4841. doi:10.1002\/vetr.4841"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref9","series-title":"BMC Res Notes","first-page":"36","article-title":"Associations between meniscal tears and various degrees of osteoarthritis among dogs undergoing TPLO for cranial cruciate ligament rupture","volume":"16","author":"Fung C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fung C, Ficklin M, Okafor CC. Associations between meniscal tears and various degrees of osteoarthritis among dogs undergoing TPLO for cranial cruciate ligament rupture. BMC Res Notes. 2023;16(1):36. doi:10.1186\/s13104-023-06307-0"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref10","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"952","article-title":"Incidence and type of meniscal injury and associated long-term clinical outcomes in dogs treated surgically for cranial cruciate ligament disease","volume":"43","author":"Ritzo ME","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ritzo ME, Ritzo BA, Siddens AD, Summerlott S, Cook JL. Incidence and type of meniscal injury and associated long-term clinical outcomes in dogs treated surgically for cranial cruciate ligament disease. Vet Surg. 2014;43(8):952-958. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2014.12220.x"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref11","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"ajvr","article-title":"Concurrent bucket handle meniscal tear treated with arthroscopic partial meniscectomy does not influence midterm outcomes after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy","volume":"84","author":"Saban C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saban C, Hebrard L, Roels J, Harel M, Livet V, Cachon T. Concurrent bucket handle meniscal tear treated with arthroscopic partial meniscectomy does not influence midterm outcomes after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy. Am J Vet Res. 2023;84(10):ajvr.23.05.0102. doi:10.2460\/ajvr.23.05.0102"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref12","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"749","article-title":"Comparison of arthroscopy and arthrotomy for diagnosis of medial meniscal pathology: an ex vivo study","volume":"37","author":"Pozzi A","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pozzi A, Hildreth BE III, Rajala-Schultz PJ. Comparison of arthroscopy and arthrotomy for diagnosis of medial meniscal pathology: an ex vivo study. Vet Surg. 2008;37(8):749-755. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2008.00442.x"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref13","series-title":"Arthrosc Tech","first-page":"e1943","article-title":"Nanoscopic medial meniscus repair","volume":"10","author":"Lavender C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lavender C, Flores K, Patel T, Berdis G, Blickenstaff B. Nanoscopic medial meniscus repair. Arthrosc Tech. 2021;10(8):e1943-e1947. doi:10.1016\/j.eats.2021.04.024"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref14","series-title":"Arthrosc Tech","first-page":"e2173","article-title":"Needle arthroscopic all-inside repair of meniscal tears under local anesthesia","volume":"10","author":"Stornebrink T","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stornebrink T, van Dijck RAHE, Douven D, Kerkhoffs GMMJ. Needle arthroscopic all-inside repair of meniscal tears under local anesthesia. Arthrosc Tech. 2021;10(9):e2173-e2180. doi:10.1016\/j.eats.2021.05.020"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref15","series-title":"Arthrosc Tech","first-page":"e593","article-title":"Partial medial meniscectomy using needle arthroscopy and a standardized local anesthetic protocol","volume":"9","author":"Daggett M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Daggett M, Tucker T, Monaco E,  Partial medial meniscectomy using needle arthroscopy and a standardized local anesthetic protocol. Arthrosc Tech. 2020;9(5):e593-e598. doi:10.1016\/j.eats.2020.01.010"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref16","series-title":"Arthrosc Tech","first-page":"e375","article-title":"Incisionless partial medial meniscectomy","volume":"9","author":"Lavender C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lavender C, Lycans D, Sina Adil SA, Kopiec A, Schmicker T. Incisionless partial medial meniscectomy. 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