{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T15:24:57Z","timestamp":1776439497281,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study was to determine the median time to return of negative thoracic pressure via thoracostomy tube following thoracic surgery in canines and felines without preoperative pneumothorax or pleural effusion and discuss complications associated with their use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective case series with client-owned canines (n = 31) and felines (7). Medical records of canines and felines presented to a referral hospital for surgery during which a thoracostomy tube(s) was placed were reviewed. Animals with preoperative pneumothorax or pleural effusion were excluded. Total volumes of air and fluid were recorded in addition to respiratory rate, effort, and postoperative complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>31 canines and 7 felines met inclusion criteria. Included procedures were diaphragmatic herniorrhaphy (44.7%), pericardioperitoneal herniorrhaphy (5.0%), lung lobectomy for mass excision or torsion (31.5%), vascular anomaly correction (15.8%), and other thoracic procedures (5.2%). Overall postoperative thoracostomy tube complication rate was 5.2%. Two patients died prior to discharge from complications unrelated to the thoracostomy tube. The median time to reestablish negative pressure was 0.5 hours (95% CI, 0 to 2 hours), and the median duration a thoracostomy tube was maintained was 8 hours (95% CI, 6 to 9.75 hours).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The duration for which thoracostomy tubes were maintained exceeded that needed for reestablishment and maintenance of negative thoracic pressure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinicians should consider limiting thoracostomy tube use to the immediate 2-hour postoperative period, as the majority of cases did not exceed 10 mL\/kg of air and fluid production across the duration of thoracostomy tube use. Overall complication rate was low (5%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.25.09.0603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T16:03:44Z","timestamp":1767974624000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Duration of use of postoperative thoracostomy tubes in canines and felines without preoperative pneumothorax or pleural effusion"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"264","author":[{"given":"Abigail","family":"DeRouen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest Florida Veterinary Specialists, Bonita Springs, FL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Waschak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BluePearl of Columbia, Columbia, SC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Stokes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memphis Veterinary Specialists, Cordova, TN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mac","family":"Maxwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memphis Veterinary Specialists, Cordova, TN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"ref1","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"715","article-title":"Factors influencing the short-term outcome following thoracic surgery in 98 dogs","volume":"47","author":"Tattersall JA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tattersall JA, Welsh E. Factors influencing the short-term outcome following thoracic surgery in 98 dogs. J Small Anim Pract. 2006;47(12):715-720. doi:10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2006.00080.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"489","article-title":"Thoracic surgery; important considerations and practical steps","volume":"45","author":"Tillson DM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tillson DM. Thoracic surgery; important considerations and practical steps. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2015;45(3):489-506. doi:10.1016\/j.cvsm.2015.01.007"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref3","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"264","article-title":"Esophageal obstruction caused by a left aortic arch and an anomalous right patent ductus arteriosus in two German Shepherd littermates","volume":"29","author":"Holt D","year":"2000","unstructured":"Holt D, Heldmann E, Michel K, Buchanan JW. Esophageal obstruction caused by a left aortic arch and an anomalous right patent ductus arteriosus in two German Shepherd littermates. Vet Surg. 2000;29(3):264-270. doi:10.1053\/jvet.2000.4394"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref4","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"695","article-title":"Indications, outcomes and complications following lateral thoracotomy in dogs and cats","volume":"48","author":"Moores AL","year":"2007","unstructured":"Moores AL, Halfacree ZJ, Baines SJ, Lipscomb VJ. Indications, outcomes and complications following lateral thoracotomy in dogs and cats. J Small Anim Pract. 2007;48(12):695-698. doi:10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2007.00417.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref5","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","first-page":"58","article-title":"Retrospective evaluation of fluid production at the time of thoracostomy tube removal following elective and emergency surgery in dogs (2010-2017): 185 cases","volume":"32","author":"Racette MA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Racette MA, Sharkey LC, Rendahl AK, Heinrich DA, Chow RS. Retrospective evaluation of fluid production at the time of thoracostomy tube removal following elective and emergency surgery in dogs (2010-2017): 185 cases. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2022;32(1):58-67. doi:10.1111\/vec.13138"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref6","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"104","article-title":"Median sternotomy versus intercostal thoracotomy for lung lobectomy: a comparison of short-term outcome in 134 dogs","volume":"47","author":"Bleakley S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bleakley S, Phipps K, Petrovsky B, Monnet E. Median sternotomy versus intercostal thoracotomy for lung lobectomy: a comparison of short-term outcome in 134 dogs. Vet Surg. 2018;47(1):104-113. doi:10.1111\/vsu.12741"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref7","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"309","article-title":"Minimally invasive patent ductus arteriosus occlusion in 5 dogs","volume":"33","author":"Borenstein N","year":"2004","unstructured":"Borenstein N, Behr L, Chetboul V,  Minimally invasive patent ductus arteriosus occlusion in 5 dogs. Vet Surg. 2004;33(4):309-313. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2004.04045.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref8","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"428","article-title":"Partial esophagectomy with single layer closure for treatment of esophageal sarcomas in 6 dogs","volume":"33","author":"Ranen E","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ranen E, Shamir MH, Shahar R, Johnston DE. Partial esophagectomy with single layer closure for treatment of esophageal sarcomas in 6 dogs. Vet Surg. 2004;33(4):428-434. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2004.04062.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref9","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"530","article-title":"Thoracoscopic lung lobectomy for treatment of lung tumors in dogs","volume":"34","author":"Lansdowne JL","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lansdowne JL, Monnet E, Twedt DC, Dernell WS. Thoracoscopic lung lobectomy for treatment of lung tumors in dogs. Vet Surg. 2005;34(5):530-535. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2005.00080.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref10","series-title":"Open Vet J","first-page":"677","article-title":"Complications and outcome of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia repair without post-operative chest drain: retrospective study in 90 cats","volume":"13","author":"De Bastiani D","year":"2023","unstructured":"De Bastiani D, Montinaro V, Cipolla E, Bussadori R, Pisani G, Cinti F. Complications and outcome of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia repair without post-operative chest drain: retrospective study in 90 cats. Open Vet J. 2023;13(6):677-683. doi:10.5455\/OVJ.2023.v13.i6.1"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref11","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1","article-title":"Surgical approach and presence of preoperative pleural effusion impact thoracostomy tube usage in dogs and cats following thoracic surgery for suspected neoplasia","volume":"262","author":"Johnson C","year":"2024","unstructured":"Johnson C, Lapsley J, Piegols H, Selmic L. Surgical approach and presence of preoperative pleural effusion impact thoracostomy tube usage in dogs and cats following thoracic surgery for suspected neoplasia. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2024;262(7):1-7. doi:10.2460\/javma.23.12.0725"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref12","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"162","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of the relationship between time of thoracostomy drain removal and discharge time","volume":"50","author":"Marques AIDC","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marques AIDC, Tattersall J, Shaw DJ, Welsh E. Retrospective analysis of the relationship between time of thoracostomy drain removal and discharge time. J Small Anim Pract. 2009;50(4):162-166. doi:10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2008.00694.x"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Small Animal Critical Care Medicine","first-page":"2","article-title":"Thoracostomy tube placement and drainage","author":"Sigrist NE","unstructured":"Sigrist NE. Thoracostomy tube placement and drainage. In: Silverstein DC, Hopper K, eds. Small Animal Critical Care Medicine. 2"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref1","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"715","article-title":"Factors influencing the short-term outcome following thoracic surgery in 98 dogs","volume":"47","author":"Tattersall JA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tattersall JA, Welsh E. Factors influencing the short-term outcome following thoracic surgery in 98 dogs. J Small Anim Pract. 2006;47(12):715-720. doi:10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2006.00080.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"489","article-title":"Thoracic surgery; important considerations and practical steps","volume":"45","author":"Tillson DM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tillson DM. Thoracic surgery; important considerations and practical steps. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2015;45(3):489-506. doi:10.1016\/j.cvsm.2015.01.007"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref3","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"264","article-title":"Esophageal obstruction caused by a left aortic arch and an anomalous right patent ductus arteriosus in two German Shepherd littermates","volume":"29","author":"Holt D","year":"2000","unstructured":"Holt D, Heldmann E, Michel K, Buchanan JW. Esophageal obstruction caused by a left aortic arch and an anomalous right patent ductus arteriosus in two German Shepherd littermates. Vet Surg. 2000;29(3):264-270. doi:10.1053\/jvet.2000.4394"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref4","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"695","article-title":"Indications, outcomes and complications following lateral thoracotomy in dogs and cats","volume":"48","author":"Moores AL","year":"2007","unstructured":"Moores AL, Halfacree ZJ, Baines SJ, Lipscomb VJ. Indications, outcomes and complications following lateral thoracotomy in dogs and cats. J Small Anim Pract. 2007;48(12):695-698. doi:10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2007.00417.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref5","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","first-page":"58","article-title":"Retrospective evaluation of fluid production at the time of thoracostomy tube removal following elective and emergency surgery in dogs (2010-2017): 185 cases","volume":"32","author":"Racette MA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Racette MA, Sharkey LC, Rendahl AK, Heinrich DA, Chow RS. Retrospective evaluation of fluid production at the time of thoracostomy tube removal following elective and emergency surgery in dogs (2010-2017): 185 cases. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2022;32(1):58-67. doi:10.1111\/vec.13138"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref6","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"104","article-title":"Median sternotomy versus intercostal thoracotomy for lung lobectomy: a comparison of short-term outcome in 134 dogs","volume":"47","author":"Bleakley S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bleakley S, Phipps K, Petrovsky B, Monnet E. Median sternotomy versus intercostal thoracotomy for lung lobectomy: a comparison of short-term outcome in 134 dogs. Vet Surg. 2018;47(1):104-113. doi:10.1111\/vsu.12741"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref7","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"309","article-title":"Minimally invasive patent ductus arteriosus occlusion in 5 dogs","volume":"33","author":"Borenstein N","year":"2004","unstructured":"Borenstein N, Behr L, Chetboul V,  Minimally invasive patent ductus arteriosus occlusion in 5 dogs. Vet Surg. 2004;33(4):309-313. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2004.04045.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref8","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"428","article-title":"Partial esophagectomy with single layer closure for treatment of esophageal sarcomas in 6 dogs","volume":"33","author":"Ranen E","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ranen E, Shamir MH, Shahar R, Johnston DE. Partial esophagectomy with single layer closure for treatment of esophageal sarcomas in 6 dogs. Vet Surg. 2004;33(4):428-434. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2004.04062.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref9","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"530","article-title":"Thoracoscopic lung lobectomy for treatment of lung tumors in dogs","volume":"34","author":"Lansdowne JL","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lansdowne JL, Monnet E, Twedt DC, Dernell WS. Thoracoscopic lung lobectomy for treatment of lung tumors in dogs. Vet Surg. 2005;34(5):530-535. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2005.00080.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref10","series-title":"Open Vet J","first-page":"677","article-title":"Complications and outcome of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia repair without post-operative chest drain: retrospective study in 90 cats","volume":"13","author":"De Bastiani D","year":"2023","unstructured":"De Bastiani D, Montinaro V, Cipolla E, Bussadori R, Pisani G, Cinti F. Complications and outcome of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia repair without post-operative chest drain: retrospective study in 90 cats. Open Vet J. 2023;13(6):677-683. doi:10.5455\/OVJ.2023.v13.i6.1"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref11","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1","article-title":"Surgical approach and presence of preoperative pleural effusion impact thoracostomy tube usage in dogs and cats following thoracic surgery for suspected neoplasia","volume":"262","author":"Johnson C","year":"2024","unstructured":"Johnson C, Lapsley J, Piegols H, Selmic L. Surgical approach and presence of preoperative pleural effusion impact thoracostomy tube usage in dogs and cats following thoracic surgery for suspected neoplasia. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2024;262(7):1-7. doi:10.2460\/javma.23.12.0725"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref12","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"162","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of the relationship between time of thoracostomy drain removal and discharge time","volume":"50","author":"Marques AIDC","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marques AIDC, Tattersall J, Shaw DJ, Welsh E. Retrospective analysis of the relationship between time of thoracostomy drain removal and discharge time. J Small Anim Pract. 2009;50(4):162-166. doi:10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2008.00694.x"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Small Animal Critical Care Medicine","first-page":"2","article-title":"Thoracostomy tube placement and drainage","author":"Sigrist NE","unstructured":"Sigrist NE. Thoracostomy tube placement and drainage. In: Silverstein DC, Hopper K, eds. Small Animal Critical Care Medicine. 2"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/264\/5\/javma.25.09.0603.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/264\/5\/javma.25.09.0603.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/264\/5\/javma.25.09.0603.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T14:33:42Z","timestamp":1776436422000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/264\/5\/javma.25.09.0603.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.25.09.0603","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]}}}