{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T14:31:20Z","timestamp":1779114680845,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the prevalence of postrace airway abnormalities in a population of barrel racing horses competing in Oklahoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A descriptive field study was conducted at a single event. Horses underwent resting endoscopy within 60 minutes of competition. Recordings were evaluated and numerical and\/or binary scores assigned for pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia, recurrent laryngeal neuropathy, dorsal displacement of the soft palate, epiglottic entrapment, and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. Clients completed a questionnaire detailing the horse\u2019s medical history and run time. A linear regression model was used for analysis of pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia, recurrent laryngeal neuropathy, and effect of medications on run time. A Poisson regression was used for analysis of combined exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage scores. A logistic regression was used for analysis of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage and dorsal displacement of the soft palate binary scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Airway examinations were evaluated for 106 horses. Abnormalities, including recurrent laryngeal neuropathy, severe pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia, and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage, were diagnosed in 83 horses (78.3%). The most common abnormality detected was pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (104 of 106 horses [98.1%]), though only 25 of 104 (24.0%) were severe and included in the 78.3% prevalence. Recurrent laryngeal neuropathy was identified in 65 of 106 horses (61.3%). Presence of pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia or recurrent laryngeal neuropathy was not associated with run time. Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage was observed in 30 of 106 horses (28.3%) but had a positive association with run time. Medications did not affect run time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mild airway abnormalities were common but not performance limiting in this population of barrel racing horses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subclinical airway abnormalities detectable on endoscopic evaluation may be common in competitive barrel racing horses. Additional studies using dynamic endoscopy are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.25.10.0712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T14:31:01Z","timestamp":1769178661000},"page":"742-751","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Barrel racing horses demonstrate a high incidence of nonclinical postrace airway disorders"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"264","author":[{"given":"Megan R.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Auri","family":"Silverstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK"},{"name":"Veterinary Emergency Group of Boston, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Burba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3124-4054","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Taralyn","family":"McCarrel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mike J.","family":"Schoonover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pratyaydipta","family":"Rudra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet J","first-page":"243","article-title":"High-speed treadmill videoendoscopic examination of the upper respiratory tract in the horse: the results of 291 clinical cases","volume":"170","author":"Tan RH","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tan RH, Dowling BA, Dart AJ. 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Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in barrel racing horses in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. J Vet Intern Med. 2018;32(2):839-845. doi:10.1111\/jvim.15066"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Vet J","first-page":"300","article-title":"Upper airway endoscopy in exercising horses: findings in 164 barrel racing horses with respiratory clinical signs and\/or poor performance","author":"Massie SL","year":"2023","unstructured":"Massie SL, L\u00e9guillette R. Upper airway endoscopy in exercising horses: findings in 164 barrel racing horses with respiratory clinical signs and\/or poor performance. Vet J. 2023;300-302:106038. doi:10.1016\/j.tvjl.2023.106038"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref16","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1327","article-title":"Tracheobronchoscopic assessment of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage and airway inflammation in barrel racing horses","volume":"30","author":"L\u00e9guillette R","year":"2016","unstructured":"L\u00e9guillette R, Steinmann M, Bond SL, Stanton B. Tracheobronchoscopic assessment of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage and airway inflammation in barrel racing horses. J Vet Intern Med. 2016;30(4):1327-1332. doi:10.1111\/jvim.13959"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref17","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"700","article-title":"Comparison of dynamic and resting endoscopy of the upper portion of the respiratory tract in 57 Thoroughbred yearlings","volume":"45","author":"Kelly PG","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kelly PG, Reardon RJ, Johnston MS, Pollock PJ. 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Study of exercise induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) in flat racing Thoroughbred horses through 1889 respiratory endoscopies after races","volume":"11","author":"de Mello Costa MF","year":"2004","unstructured":"de Mello Costa MF, Thomassian A, Gomes TS, Maia \u00c9. Estudo da hemorragia pulmonar induzida por esfor\u00e7o (HPIE) em cavalos de corrida da ra\u00e7a PSI atrav\u00e9s da an\u00e1lise de 1889 endoscopias respirat\u00f3rias ap\u00f3s corrida. Study of exercise induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) in flat racing Thoroughbred horses through 1889 respiratory endoscopies after races. Rev Bras Cienc Vet. 2004;11(3):89-91. doi:10.4322\/rbcv.2014.310"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet J","first-page":"243","article-title":"High-speed treadmill videoendoscopic examination of the upper respiratory tract in the horse: the results of 291 clinical cases","volume":"170","author":"Tan RH","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tan RH, Dowling BA, Dart AJ. High-speed treadmill videoendoscopic examination of the upper respiratory tract in the horse: the results of 291 clinical cases. Vet J. 2005;170(2):243-248. doi:10.1016\/j.tvjl.2004.06.011"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref2","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"393","article-title":"Dynamic obstructions of the equine upper respiratory tract, part 1: observations during high-speed treadmill endoscopy of 600 Thoroughbred racehorses","volume":"38","author":"Lane JG","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lane JG, Bladon B, Little DR, Naylor JR, Franklin SH. Dynamic obstructions of the equine upper respiratory tract, part 1: observations during high-speed treadmill endoscopy of 600 Thoroughbred racehorses. Equine Vet J. 2006;38(5):393-399. doi:10.2746\/042516406778400583"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref3","series-title":"Aust Vet J","first-page":"338","article-title":"Overground endoscopy in 311 Thoroughbred racehorses: findings and correlation to resting laryngeal function","volume":"95","author":"Davison JA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Davison JA, Lumsden JM, Boston RC, Ahern BJ. Overground endoscopy in 311 Thoroughbred racehorses: findings and correlation to resting laryngeal function. Aust Vet J. 2017;95(9):338-342. doi:10.1111\/avj.12620"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref4","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"518","article-title":"Relative prevalence of upper respiratory tract obstructive disorders in two breeds of harness racehorses (185 cases: 1998-2006)","volume":"44","author":"Strand E","year":"2012","unstructured":"Strand E, Fjordbakk CT, Sundberg K, Spangen L, Lunde H, Hanche-Olsen S. Relative prevalence of upper respiratory tract obstructive disorders in two breeds of harness racehorses (185 cases: 1998-2006). Equine Vet J. 2012;44(5):518-523. doi:10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2011.00517.x"},{"issue":"40","key":"ref5","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"18","article-title":"Dynamic respiratory videoendoscopy in ridden sport horses: effect of head flexion, riding and airway inflammation in 129 cases","volume":"43","author":"Van Erck E","year":"2011","unstructured":"Van Erck E. Dynamic respiratory videoendoscopy in ridden sport horses: effect of head flexion, riding and airway inflammation in 129 cases. 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