{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T18:05:16Z","timestamp":1784570716026,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the feasibility and safety of 10% fluorescein sodium for intraoperative sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping in dogs with cutaneous or subcutaneous tumors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>6 client-owned dogs received ID peritumoral injections of 10% fluorescein sodium diluted 1:120 with sterile saline. Lymphatic pathways and SLNs were visualized by means of blue (450- to 495-nm) and black (345- to 400-nm) light sources. Time to fluorescence, qualitative uptake, and adverse events were recorded. Excised SLNs underwent histopathologic evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lymphatic tracts were visualized in 5 of 6 dogs (83%; 95% CI, 36% to 100%), and SLNs were identified in all dogs (100%; 95% CI, 54% to 100%). Fluorescent uptake was complete in 4 SLNs (67%; 95% CI, 22% to 96%) and partial in 2 (33%; 95% CI, 4% to 78%). Mean time to lymphatic tract fluorescence was 6.7 \u00b1 6.7 minutes, and mean time to SLN fluorescence was 8.0 \u00b1 6.0 minutes. No adverse events occurred. Histopathology identified metastatic mast cell disease in 4 SLNs (67%; 95% CI, 22% to 96%), classified as HN2 in 2 (33%; 95% CI, 4% to 78%) and HN3 in 2 (33%; 95% CI, 4% to 78%), while reactive changes were observed in 2 SLNs (33%; 95% CI, 4% to 78%). Of 2 second-tier nodes, 1 showed HN2 metastasis and 1 reactive changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on this preliminary study, 10% fluorescein sodium is a safe, feasible, and accessible method for intraoperative SLN mapping in dogs, providing real-time visualization of lymphatic pathways and lymph nodes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This low-cost, accessible technique may facilitate adoption of SLN mapping in general veterinary practice. Further studies are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.25.11.0735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T15:29:07Z","timestamp":1774452547000},"page":"1000-1004","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Expanding access to cancer care: 10% fluorescein sodium is a practical, low-cost method for intraoperative sentinel lymph node mapping in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"264","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1532-9119","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Veronica","family":"Perez-Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8201-040X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Maxwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3880-4875","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Josep","family":"Aisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Bertran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"ref1","series-title":"Genes Cancer","first-page":"1146","article-title":"Lymphangiogenesis and cancer","volume":"2","author":"Christiansen A","year":"2011","unstructured":"Christiansen A, Detmar M. Lymphangiogenesis and cancer. Genes Cancer. 2011;2(12):1146-1158. doi:10.1177\/1947601911423028"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref2","series-title":"Lymphatics","first-page":"2","article-title":"The role of sentinel node mapping and lymphadenectomies in veterinary surgical oncology","volume":"1","author":"Beer P","year":"2023","unstructured":"Beer P, Chiti LE, Nolff MC. The role of sentinel node mapping and lymphadenectomies in veterinary surgical oncology. 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J Small Anim Pract. 2022;63(9):670-678. doi:10.1111\/jsap.13529"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/264\/8\/javma.25.11.0735.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/264\/8\/javma.25.11.0735.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/264\/8\/javma.25.11.0735.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T17:48:22Z","timestamp":1784569702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/264\/8\/javma.25.11.0735.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.25.11.0735","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]}}}