{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T19:55:30Z","timestamp":1773258930023,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the clinical outcome of calcium electroporation in treating canine superficial solid tumors using 1 or 2 treatment sessions and to assess the associated adverse events and effects on quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>4 client-owned dogs were treated between February 2021 and May 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective, randomized case series included an oral malignant melanoma, 2 digital melanomas, and a subcutaneous mast cell tumor. Tumors were treated once or twice and monitored for \u2265 180 days (median follow-up, 705 days; range, 180 to 870 days). Tumor response, tumor volume, adverse events, pain scores, and quality of life were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>2 dogs received a single treatment, and 2 dogs received 2 treatments. At day 180, the overall response rate was 75% (1 complete response, 2 partial responses, and 1 progressive disease). Three dogs had no clinical evidence of progression at the time of writing (570 to 870 days posttreatment). Among responders, tumor volume reduction at day 180 ranged from 85% to 100%. No serious adverse events occurred. Transient muscle contractions during pulse delivery and mild swelling with erythema were noted in all dogs for 1 to 3 days. One dog developed a self-limiting grade 1 ulcer that had resolved by day 14. Pain scores remained low, and owners consistently reported good quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Calcium electroporation has the potential of being a chemotherapy- and surgery-free local ablative treatment option. Although limited by small case numbers, the findings in this study support further evaluation of calcium electroporation for the treatment of malignant tumors in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.25.12.0792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T12:25:49Z","timestamp":1773145549000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long-term outcome and adverse events following calcium electroporation in 4 dogs with solid malignant tumors"],"prefix":"10.2460","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3037-7349","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pernille","family":"Holst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Betina","family":"B\u00f8rresen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"B1","series-title":"Prev Vet Med","first-page":"63","article-title":"Mortality of purebred and mixed-breed dogs in Denmark","author":"Proschowsky HF","year":"2003","unstructured":"Proschowsky HF, Rugbjerg H, Ersb\u00f8ll AK. Mortality of purebred and mixed-breed dogs in Denmark. Prev Vet Med. 2003;58(1):63\u201374. doi:10.1016\/S0167-5877(03)00010-2"},{"issue":"10","key":"B2","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"512","article-title":"Methods and mortality results of a health survey of purebred dogs in the UK","author":"Adams VJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Adams VJ, Evans KM, Sampson J, Wood JLN. Methods and mortality results of a health survey of purebred dogs in the UK. J Small Anim Pract. 2010;51(10):512\u2013524. doi:10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2010.00974.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"B3","series-title":"Acta Oncol (Madr)","first-page":"311","article-title":"Calcium electroporation for treatment of cutaneous metastases; a randomized double-blinded phase II study, comparing the effect of calcium electroporation with electrochemotherapy","author":"Falk H","year":"2018","unstructured":"Falk H, Matthiessen LW, Wooler G, Gehl J. Calcium electroporation for treatment of cutaneous metastases; a randomized double-blinded phase II study, comparing the effect of calcium electroporation with electrochemotherapy. Acta Oncol (Madr). 2018;57(3):311\u2013319. doi:10.1080\/0284186X.2017.1355109"},{"issue":"5","key":"B4","series-title":"Oncoimmunology","first-page":"1","article-title":"Calcium electroporation induces tumor eradication, long-lasting immunity and cytokine responses in the CT26 colon cancer mouse model","author":"Falk H","year":"2017","unstructured":"Falk H, Forde PF, Bay ML, et al. Calcium electroporation induces tumor eradication, long-lasting immunity and cytokine responses in the CT26 colon cancer mouse model. Oncoimmunology. 2017;6(5):1\u20138. doi:10.1080\/2162402X.2017.1301332"},{"issue":"8","key":"B5","series-title":"Cancers (Basel)","first-page":"1177","article-title":"Electrochemotherapy causes caspase-independent necrotic-like death in pancreatic cancer cells","author":"Fernandes P","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fernandes P, Donovan TRO, Mckenna SL, Forde PF. Electrochemotherapy causes caspase-independent necrotic-like death in pancreatic cancer cells. Cancers (Basel). 2019;11(8):1177. doi:10.3390\/cancers11081177"},{"issue":"16","key":"B6","series-title":"Cancer Res","first-page":"4389","article-title":"Normal and malignant cells exhibit differential responses to calcium electroporation","author":"Frandsen SK","year":"2017","unstructured":"Frandsen SK, Kr\u00fcger MB, Mangalanathan UM, et al. Normal and malignant cells exhibit differential responses to calcium electroporation. Cancer Res. 2017;77(16):4389\u20134401. doi:10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-1611"},{"issue":"6","key":"B7","series-title":"Cancer Res","first-page":"1336","article-title":"Direct therapeutic applications of calcium electroporation to effectively induce tumor necrosis","author":"Frandsen SK","year":"2012","unstructured":"Frandsen SK, Gissel H, Hojman P, Tramm T, Eriksen J, Gehl J. Direct therapeutic applications of calcium electroporation to effectively induce tumor necrosis. Cancer Res. 2012;72(6):1336\u20131341. doi:10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-3782"},{"issue":"1","key":"B8","series-title":"Cancers (Basel)","first-page":"179","article-title":"Evaluation of calcium electroporation for the treatment of cutaneous metastases: a double blinded randomised controlled phase II trial","author":"\u00c1goston D","year":"2020","unstructured":"\u00c1goston D, Balt\u00e1s E, \u00d3csai H, et al. Evaluation of calcium electroporation for the treatment of cutaneous metastases: a double blinded randomised controlled phase II trial. Cancers (Basel). 2020;12(1):179. doi:10.3390\/cancers12010179"},{"issue":"21","key":"B9","series-title":"Cancers (Basel)","first-page":"5283","article-title":"Palliative treatment of esophageal cancer using calcium electroporation","author":"Egeland C","year":"2022","unstructured":"Egeland C, Baeksgaard L, Gehl J, G\u00f6genur I, Achiam MP. Palliative treatment of esophageal cancer using calcium electroporation. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(21):5283. doi:10.3390\/cancers14215283"},{"issue":"5","key":"B10","series-title":"Endosc Int Open","first-page":"E451","article-title":"Endoscopic calcium electroporation for colorectal cancer: a phase I study","author":"Broholm M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Broholm M, Vogelsang R, Bulut M, et al. Endoscopic calcium electroporation for colorectal cancer: a phase I study. Endosc Int Open. 2023;11(5):E451\u2013E459. doi:10.1055\/a-2033-9831"},{"issue":"1","key":"B11","series-title":"Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol","first-page":"49","article-title":"Calcium electroporation for recurrent head and neck cancer: a clinical phase I study","author":"Plaschke CC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Plaschke CC, Gehl J, Johannesen HH, et al. Calcium electroporation for recurrent head and neck cancer: a clinical phase I study. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. 2019;4(1):49\u201356. doi:10.1002\/lio2.233"},{"issue":"10","key":"B12","series-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges","first-page":"1510","article-title":"Calcium electroporation in primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma","author":"Stranzenbach R","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stranzenbach R, Doerler M, Scholl L, Bechara FG. Calcium electroporation in primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2021;19(10):1510\u20131512. doi:10.1111\/ddg.14583"},{"issue":"6","key":"B13","series-title":"Dermatology","first-page":"961","article-title":"Calcium electroporation for keloids: a first-in-man phase I study","author":"Falk H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Falk H, Vissing M, Wooler G, Gehl J. Calcium electroporation for keloids: a first-in-man phase I study. Dermatology. 2021;237(6):961\u2013969. doi:10.1159\/000514307"},{"issue":"4","key":"B14","series-title":"Slov Vet Res","first-page":"181","article-title":"Electrochemotherapy combined with standard and CO2 laser surgeries in canine oral melanoma","author":"Kulbacka J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kulbacka J, Paczuska J, Rembia\u0142kowska N, et al. Electrochemotherapy combined with standard and CO2 laser surgeries in canine oral melanoma. Slov Vet Res. 2017;54(4):181\u2013186. doi:10.26873\/SVR-322-2017"},{"key":"B15","series-title":"Acta Sci Vet","first-page":"1","article-title":"Electrochemotherapy associated with calcium electroporation in metastatic feline cutaneous malignant melanoma","author":"Dos Anjos DS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dos Anjos DS, Rodrigues CG, Silva NC, De Nardi AB, Fonseca-Alves CE. Electrochemotherapy associated with calcium electroporation in metastatic feline cutaneous malignant melanoma. Acta Sci Vet. 2019;47:1\u20136. doi:10.22456\/1679-9216.96498"},{"key":"B16","series-title":"Bioelectrochemistry","first-page":"251","article-title":"Calcium electroporation: the bioelectrochemical treatment of spontaneous equine skin tumors results in a local necrosis","author":"Galant L","year":"2019","unstructured":"Galant L, Delverdier M, Lucas MN, Raymond-Letron I, Teissie J, Tamzali Y. Calcium electroporation: the bioelectrochemical treatment of spontaneous equine skin tumors results in a local necrosis. Bioelectrochemistry. 2019;129:251\u2013258. doi:10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2019.05.018"},{"issue":"3","key":"B17","series-title":"Animals","article-title":"Calcium electroporation of equine sarcoids","author":"Frandsen SK","year":"2020","unstructured":"Frandsen SK, Gehl J, Tramm T, Thoefner MS. Calcium electroporation of equine sarcoids. Animals. 2020;10(3). doi:10.3390\/ani10030517"},{"issue":"2","key":"B18","series-title":"Eur J Cancer","first-page":"228","article-title":"New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1)","author":"Eisenhauer EA","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eisenhauer EA, Therasse P, Bogaerts J, et al. New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur J Cancer. 2009;45(2):228\u2013247. doi:10.1016\/j.ejca.2008.10.026"},{"issue":"4","key":"B19","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"417","article-title":"Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group\u2013Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (VCOG-CTCAE) following chemotherapy or biological antineoplastic therapy in dogs and cats v1.1","year":"2016","unstructured":"Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group. Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group\u2013Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (VCOG-CTCAE) following chemotherapy or biological antineoplastic therapy in dogs and cats v1.1. Vet Comp Oncol. 2016;14(4):417\u2013446. doi:10.1111\/vco.283"},{"issue":"17","key":"B20","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"525","article-title":"Development of a behaviour-based scale to measure acute pain in dogs","author":"Holton L","year":"2001","unstructured":"Holton L, Reid J, Scott EM, Pawson P, Nolan A. Development of a behaviour-based scale to measure acute pain in dogs. Vet Rec. 2001;148(17):525\u2013531. doi:10.1136\/vr.148.17.525"},{"issue":"3","key":"B21","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"775","article-title":"The treatment of canine mast cell tumours with electrochemotherapy with or without surgical excision","author":"Lowe R","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lowe R, Gavazza A, Impellizeri JA, Soden DM, Lubas G. The treatment of canine mast cell tumours with electrochemotherapy with or without surgical excision. Vet Comp Oncol. 2017;15(3):775\u2013784. doi:10.1111\/vco.12217"},{"issue":"9","key":"B22","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1073","article-title":"Development and psychometric testing of the canine owner-reported quality of life questionnaire, an instrument designed to measure quality of life in dogs with cancer","author":"Giuffrida MA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Giuffrida MA, Brown DC, Ellenberg SS, Farrar JT. Development and psychometric testing of the canine owner-reported quality of life questionnaire, an instrument designed to measure quality of life in dogs with cancer. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2018;252(9):1073\u20131083."},{"key":"B23","series-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol","first-page":"148","article-title":"Determination of subcutaneous tumor size in athymic (nude) mice","author":"Tomayko MM","year":"1989","unstructured":"Tomayko MM, Reynolds CP. Determination of subcutaneous tumor size in athymic (nude) mice. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1989;24:148\u2013154. doi:10.1007\/BF00300234"},{"issue":"11","key":"B24","series-title":"EJC Suppl","first-page":"14","article-title":"Standard operating procedures of the electrochemotherapy: instructions for the use of bleomycin or cisplatin administered either systemically or locally and electric pulses delivered by the CliniporatorTM by means of invasive or non-invasive electrodes","author":"Mir LM","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mir LM, Gehl J, Sersa G, et al. Standard operating procedures of the electrochemotherapy: instructions for the use of bleomycin or cisplatin administered either systemically or locally and electric pulses delivered by the CliniporatorTM by means of invasive or non-invasive electrodes. EJC Suppl. 2006;4(11):14\u201325. doi:10.1016\/j.ejcsup.2006.08.003"},{"issue":"7","key":"B25","series-title":"Acta Oncol (Madr)","first-page":"874","article-title":"Updated standard operating procedures for electrochemotherapy of cutaneous tumours and skin metastases","author":"Gehl J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gehl J, Sersa G, Matthiessen LW, et al. Updated standard operating procedures for electrochemotherapy of cutaneous tumours and skin metastases. Acta Oncol (Madr). 2018;57(7):874\u2013882. doi:10.1080\/0284186X.2018.1454602"},{"issue":"8\u20139","key":"B26","series-title":"Revue M\u00e9d V\u00e9t","first-page":"393","article-title":"Study of canine cutaneous melanocytic tumours: evaluation of histological and immunohistochemical prognostic criteria in 65 cases","author":"Lacroux C","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lacroux C, Raymond-Letron I, Bourges-Abella N, et al. Study of canine cutaneous melanocytic tumours: evaluation of histological and immunohistochemical prognostic criteria in 65 cases. Revue M\u00e9d V\u00e9t. 2012;163(8\u20139):393\u2013401."},{"issue":"6","key":"B27","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"889","article-title":"Survival of dogs following surgical excision of histologically well-differentiated melanocytic neoplasms of the mucus membranes of the lips and oral cavity","author":"Esplin DG","year":"2008","unstructured":"Esplin DG. Survival of dogs following surgical excision of histologically well-differentiated melanocytic neoplasms of the mucus membranes of the lips and oral cavity. Vet Pathol. 2008;45(6):889\u2013896. doi:10.1354\/vp.45-6-889"},{"issue":"6","key":"B28","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"567","article-title":"Oral and pharyngeal neoplasia in the dog: a retrospective survey of 361 cases","author":"Todoroff R","year":"1979","unstructured":"Todoroff R, Brodey R. Oral and pharyngeal neoplasia in the dog: a retrospective survey of 361 cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1979;175(6):567\u2013571."},{"issue":"1","key":"B29","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"32","article-title":"Prognosis after surgical excision of canine melanomas","author":"Bostock D","year":"1979","unstructured":"Bostock D. Prognosis after surgical excision of canine melanomas. Vet Pathol. 1979;16(1):32\u201340. doi:10.1177\/030098587901600103"},{"issue":"1","key":"B30","series-title":"N Z Vet J","first-page":"25","article-title":"Malignant melanoma in 63 dogs (2001\u20132011): the effect of carboplatin chemotherapy on survival","author":"Brockley LK","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brockley LK, Cooper MA, Bennett PF. Malignant melanoma in 63 dogs (2001\u20132011): the effect of carboplatin chemotherapy on survival. N Z Vet J. 2013;61(1):25\u201331. doi:10.1080\/00480169.2012.699433"},{"issue":"4","key":"B31","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"401","article-title":"Efficacy of systemic adjuvant therapies administered to dogs after excision of oral malignant melanomas: 151 cases (2001\u20132012)","author":"Boston SE","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boston SE, Lu X, Culp WTN, et al. Efficacy of systemic adjuvant therapies administered to dogs after excision of oral malignant melanomas: 151 cases (2001\u20132012). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2014;245(4):401\u2013407. doi:10.2460\/javma.245.4.401"},{"issue":"4","key":"B32","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"222","article-title":"Oral malignant melanoma \u2013 the effect of coarse fractionation radiotherapy alone or with adjuvant carboplatin therapy","author":"Murphy S","year":"2005","unstructured":"Murphy S, Hayes AM, Blackwood L, Maglennon G, Pattinson H, Sparkes AH. Oral malignant melanoma \u2013 the effect of coarse fractionation radiotherapy alone or with adjuvant carboplatin therapy. Vet Comp Oncol. 2005;3(4):222\u2013229. doi:10.1111\/j.1476-5810.2005.00082.x"},{"key":"B33","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"1046636","article-title":"Canine melanoma: a review of diagnostics and comparative mechanisms of disease and immunotolerance in the era of the immunotherapies","author":"Stevenson V","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stevenson V, Klahn S, LeRoith T, Huckle W. Canine melanoma: a review of diagnostics and comparative mechanisms of disease and immunotolerance in the era of the immunotherapies. Front Vet Sci. 2023;9:1046636. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2022.1046636"},{"issue":"15","key":"B34","series-title":"Cancers (Basel)","first-page":"3770","article-title":"Induction of bystander and abscopal effects after electroporation-based treatments","author":"Ruzgys P","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ruzgys P, Navickait\u0117 D, Palep\u0161ien\u0117 R, et al. Induction of bystander and abscopal effects after electroporation-based treatments. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(15):3770. doi:10.3390\/cancers14153770"},{"issue":"4","key":"B35","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"579","article-title":"Agreement between cytology and histopathology for regional lymph node metastasis in dogs with melanocytic neoplasms","author":"Grimes JA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grimes JA, Matz BM, Christopherson PW, et al. Agreement between cytology and histopathology for regional lymph node metastasis in dogs with melanocytic neoplasms. Vet Pathol. 2017;54(4):579\u2013587. doi:10.1177\/0300985817698209"},{"issue":"1","key":"B1","series-title":"Prev Vet Med","first-page":"63","article-title":"Mortality of purebred and mixed-breed dogs in Denmark","author":"Proschowsky HF","year":"2003","unstructured":"Proschowsky HF, Rugbjerg H, Ersb\u00f8ll AK. Mortality of purebred and mixed-breed dogs in Denmark. Prev Vet Med. 2003;58(1):63\u201374. doi:10.1016\/S0167-5877(03)00010-2"},{"issue":"10","key":"B2","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"512","article-title":"Methods and mortality results of a health survey of purebred dogs in the UK","author":"Adams VJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Adams VJ, Evans KM, Sampson J, Wood JLN. Methods and mortality results of a health survey of purebred dogs in the UK. J Small Anim Pract. 2010;51(10):512\u2013524. doi:10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2010.00974.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"B3","series-title":"Acta Oncol (Madr)","first-page":"311","article-title":"Calcium electroporation for treatment of cutaneous metastases; a randomized double-blinded phase II study, comparing the effect of calcium electroporation with electrochemotherapy","author":"Falk H","year":"2018","unstructured":"Falk H, Matthiessen LW, Wooler G, Gehl J. Calcium electroporation for treatment of cutaneous metastases; a randomized double-blinded phase II study, comparing the effect of calcium electroporation with electrochemotherapy. Acta Oncol (Madr). 2018;57(3):311\u2013319. doi:10.1080\/0284186X.2017.1355109"},{"issue":"5","key":"B4","series-title":"Oncoimmunology","first-page":"1","article-title":"Calcium electroporation induces tumor eradication, long-lasting immunity and cytokine responses in the CT26 colon cancer mouse model","author":"Falk H","year":"2017","unstructured":"Falk H, Forde PF, Bay ML, et al. Calcium electroporation induces tumor eradication, long-lasting immunity and cytokine responses in the CT26 colon cancer mouse model. Oncoimmunology. 2017;6(5):1\u20138. doi:10.1080\/2162402X.2017.1301332"},{"issue":"8","key":"B5","series-title":"Cancers (Basel)","first-page":"1177","article-title":"Electrochemotherapy causes caspase-independent necrotic-like death in pancreatic cancer cells","author":"Fernandes P","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fernandes P, Donovan TRO, Mckenna SL, Forde PF. Electrochemotherapy causes caspase-independent necrotic-like death in pancreatic cancer cells. Cancers (Basel). 2019;11(8):1177. doi:10.3390\/cancers11081177"},{"issue":"16","key":"B6","series-title":"Cancer Res","first-page":"4389","article-title":"Normal and malignant cells exhibit differential responses to calcium electroporation","author":"Frandsen SK","year":"2017","unstructured":"Frandsen SK, Kr\u00fcger MB, Mangalanathan UM, et al. Normal and malignant cells exhibit differential responses to calcium electroporation. Cancer Res. 2017;77(16):4389\u20134401. doi:10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-1611"},{"issue":"6","key":"B7","series-title":"Cancer Res","first-page":"1336","article-title":"Direct therapeutic applications of calcium electroporation to effectively induce tumor necrosis","author":"Frandsen SK","year":"2012","unstructured":"Frandsen SK, Gissel H, Hojman P, Tramm T, Eriksen J, Gehl J. Direct therapeutic applications of calcium electroporation to effectively induce tumor necrosis. Cancer Res. 2012;72(6):1336\u20131341. doi:10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-3782"},{"issue":"1","key":"B8","series-title":"Cancers (Basel)","first-page":"179","article-title":"Evaluation of calcium electroporation for the treatment of cutaneous metastases: a double blinded randomised controlled phase II trial","author":"\u00c1goston D","year":"2020","unstructured":"\u00c1goston D, Balt\u00e1s E, \u00d3csai H, et al. Evaluation of calcium electroporation for the treatment of cutaneous metastases: a double blinded randomised controlled phase II trial. Cancers (Basel). 2020;12(1):179. doi:10.3390\/cancers12010179"},{"issue":"21","key":"B9","series-title":"Cancers (Basel)","first-page":"5283","article-title":"Palliative treatment of esophageal cancer using calcium electroporation","author":"Egeland C","year":"2022","unstructured":"Egeland C, Baeksgaard L, Gehl J, G\u00f6genur I, Achiam MP. Palliative treatment of esophageal cancer using calcium electroporation. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(21):5283. doi:10.3390\/cancers14215283"},{"issue":"5","key":"B10","series-title":"Endosc Int Open","first-page":"E451","article-title":"Endoscopic calcium electroporation for colorectal cancer: a phase I study","author":"Broholm M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Broholm M, Vogelsang R, Bulut M, et al. Endoscopic calcium electroporation for colorectal cancer: a phase I study. Endosc Int Open. 2023;11(5):E451\u2013E459. doi:10.1055\/a-2033-9831"},{"issue":"1","key":"B11","series-title":"Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol","first-page":"49","article-title":"Calcium electroporation for recurrent head and neck cancer: a clinical phase I study","author":"Plaschke CC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Plaschke CC, Gehl J, Johannesen HH, et al. Calcium electroporation for recurrent head and neck cancer: a clinical phase I study. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. 2019;4(1):49\u201356. doi:10.1002\/lio2.233"},{"issue":"10","key":"B12","series-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges","first-page":"1510","article-title":"Calcium electroporation in primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma","author":"Stranzenbach R","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stranzenbach R, Doerler M, Scholl L, Bechara FG. Calcium electroporation in primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2021;19(10):1510\u20131512. doi:10.1111\/ddg.14583"},{"issue":"6","key":"B13","series-title":"Dermatology","first-page":"961","article-title":"Calcium electroporation for keloids: a first-in-man phase I study","author":"Falk H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Falk H, Vissing M, Wooler G, Gehl J. Calcium electroporation for keloids: a first-in-man phase I study. Dermatology. 2021;237(6):961\u2013969. doi:10.1159\/000514307"},{"issue":"4","key":"B14","series-title":"Slov Vet Res","first-page":"181","article-title":"Electrochemotherapy combined with standard and CO2 laser surgeries in canine oral melanoma","author":"Kulbacka J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kulbacka J, Paczuska J, Rembia\u0142kowska N, et al. Electrochemotherapy combined with standard and CO2 laser surgeries in canine oral melanoma. Slov Vet Res. 2017;54(4):181\u2013186. doi:10.26873\/SVR-322-2017"},{"key":"B15","series-title":"Acta Sci Vet","first-page":"1","article-title":"Electrochemotherapy associated with calcium electroporation in metastatic feline cutaneous malignant melanoma","author":"Dos Anjos DS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dos Anjos DS, Rodrigues CG, Silva NC, De Nardi AB, Fonseca-Alves CE. Electrochemotherapy associated with calcium electroporation in metastatic feline cutaneous malignant melanoma. Acta Sci Vet. 2019;47:1\u20136. doi:10.22456\/1679-9216.96498"},{"key":"B16","series-title":"Bioelectrochemistry","first-page":"251","article-title":"Calcium electroporation: the bioelectrochemical treatment of spontaneous equine skin tumors results in a local necrosis","author":"Galant L","year":"2019","unstructured":"Galant L, Delverdier M, Lucas MN, Raymond-Letron I, Teissie J, Tamzali Y. Calcium electroporation: the bioelectrochemical treatment of spontaneous equine skin tumors results in a local necrosis. Bioelectrochemistry. 2019;129:251\u2013258. doi:10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2019.05.018"},{"issue":"3","key":"B17","series-title":"Animals","article-title":"Calcium electroporation of equine sarcoids","author":"Frandsen SK","year":"2020","unstructured":"Frandsen SK, Gehl J, Tramm T, Thoefner MS. Calcium electroporation of equine sarcoids. Animals. 2020;10(3). doi:10.3390\/ani10030517"},{"issue":"2","key":"B18","series-title":"Eur J Cancer","first-page":"228","article-title":"New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1)","author":"Eisenhauer EA","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eisenhauer EA, Therasse P, Bogaerts J, et al. New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur J Cancer. 2009;45(2):228\u2013247. doi:10.1016\/j.ejca.2008.10.026"},{"issue":"4","key":"B19","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"417","article-title":"Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group\u2013Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (VCOG-CTCAE) following chemotherapy or biological antineoplastic therapy in dogs and cats v1.1","year":"2016","unstructured":"Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group. Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group\u2013Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (VCOG-CTCAE) following chemotherapy or biological antineoplastic therapy in dogs and cats v1.1. Vet Comp Oncol. 2016;14(4):417\u2013446. doi:10.1111\/vco.283"},{"issue":"17","key":"B20","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"525","article-title":"Development of a behaviour-based scale to measure acute pain in dogs","author":"Holton L","year":"2001","unstructured":"Holton L, Reid J, Scott EM, Pawson P, Nolan A. Development of a behaviour-based scale to measure acute pain in dogs. Vet Rec. 2001;148(17):525\u2013531. doi:10.1136\/vr.148.17.525"},{"issue":"3","key":"B21","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"775","article-title":"The treatment of canine mast cell tumours with electrochemotherapy with or without surgical excision","author":"Lowe R","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lowe R, Gavazza A, Impellizeri JA, Soden DM, Lubas G. The treatment of canine mast cell tumours with electrochemotherapy with or without surgical excision. Vet Comp Oncol. 2017;15(3):775\u2013784. doi:10.1111\/vco.12217"},{"issue":"9","key":"B22","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1073","article-title":"Development and psychometric testing of the canine owner-reported quality of life questionnaire, an instrument designed to measure quality of life in dogs with cancer","author":"Giuffrida MA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Giuffrida MA, Brown DC, Ellenberg SS, Farrar JT. Development and psychometric testing of the canine owner-reported quality of life questionnaire, an instrument designed to measure quality of life in dogs with cancer. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2018;252(9):1073\u20131083."},{"key":"B23","series-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol","first-page":"148","article-title":"Determination of subcutaneous tumor size in athymic (nude) mice","author":"Tomayko MM","year":"1989","unstructured":"Tomayko MM, Reynolds CP. Determination of subcutaneous tumor size in athymic (nude) mice. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1989;24:148\u2013154. doi:10.1007\/BF00300234"},{"issue":"11","key":"B24","series-title":"EJC Suppl","first-page":"14","article-title":"Standard operating procedures of the electrochemotherapy: instructions for the use of bleomycin or cisplatin administered either systemically or locally and electric pulses delivered by the CliniporatorTM by means of invasive or non-invasive electrodes","author":"Mir LM","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mir LM, Gehl J, Sersa G, et al. Standard operating procedures of the electrochemotherapy: instructions for the use of bleomycin or cisplatin administered either systemically or locally and electric pulses delivered by the CliniporatorTM by means of invasive or non-invasive electrodes. EJC Suppl. 2006;4(11):14\u201325. doi:10.1016\/j.ejcsup.2006.08.003"},{"issue":"7","key":"B25","series-title":"Acta Oncol (Madr)","first-page":"874","article-title":"Updated standard operating procedures for electrochemotherapy of cutaneous tumours and skin metastases","author":"Gehl J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gehl J, Sersa G, Matthiessen LW, et al. Updated standard operating procedures for electrochemotherapy of cutaneous tumours and skin metastases. Acta Oncol (Madr). 2018;57(7):874\u2013882. doi:10.1080\/0284186X.2018.1454602"},{"issue":"8\u20139","key":"B26","series-title":"Revue M\u00e9d V\u00e9t","first-page":"393","article-title":"Study of canine cutaneous melanocytic tumours: evaluation of histological and immunohistochemical prognostic criteria in 65 cases","author":"Lacroux C","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lacroux C, Raymond-Letron I, Bourges-Abella N, et al. Study of canine cutaneous melanocytic tumours: evaluation of histological and immunohistochemical prognostic criteria in 65 cases. Revue M\u00e9d V\u00e9t. 2012;163(8\u20139):393\u2013401."},{"issue":"6","key":"B27","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"889","article-title":"Survival of dogs following surgical excision of histologically well-differentiated melanocytic neoplasms of the mucus membranes of the lips and oral cavity","author":"Esplin DG","year":"2008","unstructured":"Esplin DG. Survival of dogs following surgical excision of histologically well-differentiated melanocytic neoplasms of the mucus membranes of the lips and oral cavity. Vet Pathol. 2008;45(6):889\u2013896. doi:10.1354\/vp.45-6-889"},{"issue":"6","key":"B28","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"567","article-title":"Oral and pharyngeal neoplasia in the dog: a retrospective survey of 361 cases","author":"Todoroff R","year":"1979","unstructured":"Todoroff R, Brodey R. Oral and pharyngeal neoplasia in the dog: a retrospective survey of 361 cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1979;175(6):567\u2013571."},{"issue":"1","key":"B29","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"32","article-title":"Prognosis after surgical excision of canine melanomas","author":"Bostock D","year":"1979","unstructured":"Bostock D. Prognosis after surgical excision of canine melanomas. Vet Pathol. 1979;16(1):32\u201340. doi:10.1177\/030098587901600103"},{"issue":"1","key":"B30","series-title":"N Z Vet J","first-page":"25","article-title":"Malignant melanoma in 63 dogs (2001\u20132011): the effect of carboplatin chemotherapy on survival","author":"Brockley LK","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brockley LK, Cooper MA, Bennett PF. Malignant melanoma in 63 dogs (2001\u20132011): the effect of carboplatin chemotherapy on survival. N Z Vet J. 2013;61(1):25\u201331. doi:10.1080\/00480169.2012.699433"},{"issue":"4","key":"B31","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"401","article-title":"Efficacy of systemic adjuvant therapies administered to dogs after excision of oral malignant melanomas: 151 cases (2001\u20132012)","author":"Boston SE","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boston SE, Lu X, Culp WTN, et al. Efficacy of systemic adjuvant therapies administered to dogs after excision of oral malignant melanomas: 151 cases (2001\u20132012). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2014;245(4):401\u2013407. doi:10.2460\/javma.245.4.401"},{"issue":"4","key":"B32","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"222","article-title":"Oral malignant melanoma \u2013 the effect of coarse fractionation radiotherapy alone or with adjuvant carboplatin therapy","author":"Murphy S","year":"2005","unstructured":"Murphy S, Hayes AM, Blackwood L, Maglennon G, Pattinson H, Sparkes AH. Oral malignant melanoma \u2013 the effect of coarse fractionation radiotherapy alone or with adjuvant carboplatin therapy. Vet Comp Oncol. 2005;3(4):222\u2013229. doi:10.1111\/j.1476-5810.2005.00082.x"},{"key":"B33","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"1046636","article-title":"Canine melanoma: a review of diagnostics and comparative mechanisms of disease and immunotolerance in the era of the immunotherapies","author":"Stevenson V","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stevenson V, Klahn S, LeRoith T, Huckle W. Canine melanoma: a review of diagnostics and comparative mechanisms of disease and immunotolerance in the era of the immunotherapies. Front Vet Sci. 2023;9:1046636. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2022.1046636"},{"issue":"15","key":"B34","series-title":"Cancers (Basel)","first-page":"3770","article-title":"Induction of bystander and abscopal effects after electroporation-based treatments","author":"Ruzgys P","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ruzgys P, Navickait\u0117 D, Palep\u0161ien\u0117 R, et al. Induction of bystander and abscopal effects after electroporation-based treatments. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(15):3770. doi:10.3390\/cancers14153770"},{"issue":"4","key":"B35","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"579","article-title":"Agreement between cytology and histopathology for regional lymph node metastasis in dogs with melanocytic neoplasms","author":"Grimes JA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grimes JA, Matz BM, Christopherson PW, et al. Agreement between cytology and histopathology for regional lymph node metastasis in dogs with melanocytic neoplasms. Vet Pathol. 2017;54(4):579\u2013587. doi:10.1177\/0300985817698209"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/aop\/javma.25.12.0792\/javma.25.12.0792.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/aop\/javma.25.12.0792\/javma.25.12.0792.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/aop\/javma.25.12.0792\/javma.25.12.0792.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T03:06:29Z","timestamp":1773198389000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/aop\/javma.25.12.0792\/javma.25.12.0792.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"references-count":70,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.25.12.0792","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]}}}