{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:51:25Z","timestamp":1792173085462,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To report the prevalence of bacterial isolates and associated antimicrobial susceptibility from samples obtained from clinically diseased pet guinea pigs (\n                      <jats:italic>Cavia porcellus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective, observational, quantitative study was performed to identify bacterial isolates of pet guinea pigs and antibiotic susceptibility. Medical records were reviewed for guinea pigs evaluated at a university teaching hospital between 2004 and 2023, from which aerobic or anaerobic bacterial cultures were obtained.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 112 bacterial isolates were cultured from 63 guinea pigs. The most cultured sites included abscesses and the urinary tract. The 3 most prevalent bacterial genera isolated were\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (21 of 112 [19%]),\n                      <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      (19 of 112 [17%]), and\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                      (11 of 112 [11%]). The most isolated species was\n                      <jats:italic>Corynebacterium renale<\/jats:italic>\n                      (12 of 112 [11%]).\n                      <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp accounted for 53% (10 of 19) of all urinary tract isolates. Susceptibility of\n                      <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp towards commonly used oral antibiotics was 94% for doxycycline, 82% for azithromycin, 71% for enrofloxacin, and 65% for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMS). Among all urinary tract isolates, only 50% were susceptible to TMS, and 59% were susceptible to enrofloxacin. Among oral antibiotics used in guinea pigs,\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus spp<\/jats:italic>\n                      were all susceptible to TMS and azithromycin.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 2 gram-positive bacterial genera\n                      <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      were the most common isolates in this study, with\n                      <jats:italic>C renale<\/jats:italic>\n                      being the most common species overall and the predominant urinary tract isolate from the guinea pigs in this study.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Enrofloxacin and TMS are often prescribed empirically for urinary tract infections in guinea pigs, yet resistance may be high. Therefore, culture and susceptibility testing should be performed whenever feasible.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.25.12.0875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T22:19:53Z","timestamp":1787177993000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Corynebacterium species and Streptococcus species are the most commonly isolated bacteria from clinically ill pet guinea pigs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"264","author":[{"given":"Abigail","family":"Martinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2473-0994","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christoph","family":"Mans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet Rec.","first-page":"200","article-title":"Diseases in pet guinea pigs: a retrospective study in 1000 animals","volume":"177","author":"Minarikova A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Minarikova A, Hauptman K, Jeklova E, Knotek Z, Jekl V. 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