{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T20:15:02Z","timestamp":1788380102832,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold> To determine escape rates for dogs confined to their owner's property by various containment methods and determine whether biting history was associated with containment method.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>DESIGN<\/jats:bold> Cross-sectional survey.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>SAMPLE<\/jats:bold> 974 owners of 1,053 dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>PROCEDURES<\/jats:bold> Individuals patronizing pet stores in Columbus, Ohio, were recruited to complete a survey on the method they used to confine their dogs to their property and their dogs\u2019 behavior history.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold> Dogs were confined to their owner's property by a physical fence (821\/1,053 [78.0%]), electronic fence (150\/1,053 [14.2%]), or tether system (82\/1,053 [7.8%]). Dogs confined by an electronic fence were more likely to have escaped (66\/150 [44.0%]) than were dogs confined by a see-through fence (153\/658 [23.3%]), privacy fence (38\/163 [23.3%]), or tether (22\/82 [26.8%]). Forty-eight (4.6%) dogs had reportedly bitten a person in the past, and 81 (7.7%) had reportedly bitten another dog, but containment method was not significantly associated with whether dogs had ever bitten a person or another dog. Greeting behavior (growling, snarling, or trying to bite) was significantly associated with a history of biting a person or another dog.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold> Results suggested that escape rate, but not biting history, was associated with the method owners used to confine dogs to their properties. Greeting behavior was associated with biting history, suggesting that owners of dogs that growl, snarl, or attempt to bite when meeting an unfamiliar person or dog should seek assistance to prevent future bites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.250.3.297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,24]],"date-time":"2017-01-24T14:17:08Z","timestamp":1485267428000},"page":"297-302","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Escape rates and biting histories of dogs confined to their owner's property through the use of various containment methods"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"250","author":[{"given":"Nicole S.","family":"Starinsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda K.","family":"Lord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghan E.","family":"Herron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.1923","article-title":"Dog bites to humans\u2014demography, epidemiology, injury, and risk","volume":"218","author":"Overall","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2008.02.002","article-title":"A comprehensive study of dog bites in Spain, 1995\u20132004","volume":"179","author":"Rosado","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Public Health Rep","first-page":"315","article-title":"Unreported dog bites in children","volume":"100","author":"Beck","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(02)00132-8","article-title":"Differential diagnosis and management of human-directed aggression in dogs","volume":"33","author":"Reisner","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.001","article-title":"Dog bites in The Netherlands: a study of victims, injuries, circumstances, and aggressors to support evaluation of breed specific legislation","volume":"186","author":"Cornelissen","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Public Health Rep","first-page":"55","article-title":"Severe attacks by dogs: characteristics of the dogs, the victims, and the attack settings","volume":"100","author":"Wright","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Pediatrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.93.6.913","article-title":"Which dogs bite? 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