{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:26:47Z","timestamp":1762522007201,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold> To determine the prevalence of <jats:italic>Alaria<\/jats:italic> infection in cats and dogs in north central Oklahoma over various periods and investigate whether wild animal species in this region were also infected.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>DESIGN<\/jats:bold> Combined cross-sectional study and case series.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>SAMPLE<\/jats:bold> Results of parasitological testing of fecal samples from 5,417 client-owned dogs and 1,246 client-owned cats (2006 through 2014); fecal samples from 837 shelter or rescue dogs and 331 shelter or rescue cats (2013 and 2014) and 268 feral cats (2015); tongue or jowl samples from cadavers of 43 wild pigs, 3 opossums, and 1 raccoon; and intestinal tract segments from cadavers of 48 cats and 5 coyotes.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>PROCEDURES<\/jats:bold> Various parasite recovery techniques were performed to detect various <jats:italic>Alaria<\/jats:italic> stages in samples. Recovered adult trematodes and mesocercariae were used for PCR assay and sequencing of the 28S rRNA gene.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold> Prevalence of <jats:italic>Alaria<\/jats:italic> infection was significantly higher in feral cats (9.0%) than in shelter or rescue cats (0.6%) and client-owned cats (1.4%) and in shelter or rescue dogs (1.8%) than in client-owned dogs (0.2%). Mesocercariae were recovered from tissue samples from 11 (26%) wild pigs and 1 opossum. Amplicon sequences from adult trematodes and mesocercariae were 100% identical to each other and 99% homologous to GenBank sequences of <jats:italic>Alaria alata<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Alaria mustelae.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold> Prevalence of <jats:italic>Alaria<\/jats:italic> infection in the study area has increased in dogs and cats since 1990, when infections were rare. Prevalence in wild pigs was similar to that in Eurasia, where <jats:italic>A alata<\/jats:italic> is considered an emerging zoonotic parasite.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.250.8.881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,30]],"date-time":"2017-03-30T18:13:52Z","timestamp":1490897632000},"page":"881-886","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Prevalence of Alaria infection in companion animals in north central Oklahoma from 2006 through 2015 and detection in wildlife"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"250","author":[{"given":"Eileen M.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Nagamori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca A.","family":"Duncan-Decocq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick N.","family":"Whitley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akhilesh","family":"Ramachandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mason V.","family":"Reichard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Parasitol Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-009-1444-7","article-title":"Biology of Alaria spp. and human exposition risk to Alaria mesocercariae\u2014a review","volume":"105","author":"M\u00f6hl","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Can J Zool","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1139\/z56-043","article-title":"Studies on the life cycles and morphology of the larval stages of Alaria arisaemoides Augustine and Uribe, 1927 and Alaria canis Larue and Fallis, 1936 (Trematoda: 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