{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:42:34Z","timestamp":1783039354749,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\nOBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold> To assess the association between a commercially available vaccine against Moraxella bovis<\/jats:italic> and cumulative incidence of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) from processing to weaning (primary objective) and body weight at weaning (secondary objective).<\/jats:p>\nDESIGN<\/jats:bold> Randomized blinded controlled trial.<\/jats:p>\nANIMALS<\/jats:bold> 214 calves (\u2265 2 months of age) born in the spring of 2015 at an Iowa State University cow-calf research unit with no visible lesions or scars on either eye.<\/jats:p>\nPROCEDURES<\/jats:bold> Calves were randomly allocated to receive SC administration of a single dose of a commercial vaccine against M bovis<\/jats:italic> (112 enrolled and 110 analyzed) or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (111 enrolled and 104 analyzed). Calves were monitored for signs of IBK from treatment to weaning, and body weight at weaning was recorded. People involved in calf enrollment and outcome assessment were blinded to treatment group assignment. Cumulative incidence of IBK and weaning weight were compared between vaccinated and unvaccinated calves; the effect measure was the risk ratio and mean difference, respectively.<\/jats:p>\nRESULTS<\/jats:bold> IBK was detected in 65 (59.1%) vaccinated calves and 62 (59.6%) unvaccinated calves (unadjusted risk ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.79 to 1.24) during the study period. No significant difference in weaning weights was identified between vaccinated and unvaccinated calves (unadjusted effect size, 4.40 kg [9.68 lb]; 95% confidence interval, \u22123.46 to 12.25 kg [\u22127.61 to 26.95 lb]).<\/jats:p>\nCONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold> Results suggested that the commercially available M bovis<\/jats:italic> vaccine was not effective in reducing the cumulative incidence of IBK or increasing weaning weight in beef calves.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.251.3.345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,13]],"date-time":"2017-07-13T13:40:24Z","timestamp":1499953224000},"page":"345-351","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Randomized blinded controlled trial to assess the association between a commercial vaccine against Moraxella bovis and the cumulative incidence of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in beef calves"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"251","author":[{"given":"Jonah N.","family":"Cullen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry J.","family":"Engelken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vickie","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette M.","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","year":"Aug 17, 2015"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"823","article-title":"Risk factors related to the prevalence of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis","volume":"179","author":"Webber","year":"1981"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"962","article-title":"Annual disease incidence in Colorado cow-calf herds participating in rounds 2 and 3 of the National Animal Health Monitoring System from 1986 to 1988","volume":"198","author":"Salman","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Aust Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1982.tb02728.x","article-title":"A national survey of the occurrence of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis","volume":"59","author":"Slatter","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"N Z Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.1986.35320","article-title":"A survey of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in the Gisborne and Hunterville regions of New Zealand","volume":"34","author":"Sinclair","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2010.09.006","article-title":"Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: a review of cases in clinical practice","volume":"26","author":"Alexander","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Vaccine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.05.082","article-title":"A randomized and blinded field trial to assess the efficacy of an autogenous vaccine to prevent naturally occurring infectious bovine kerato-conjunctivitis (IBK) in beef calves","volume":"27","author":"Funk","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.00803.x","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial evaluating a farm-of-origin autogenous Moraxella bovis vaccine to control infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (pinkeye) in beef cattle","volume":"25","author":"O'Connor","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Anim Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1974.3861179x","article-title":"Impact of pinkeye (infectious bovine kerato-conjunctivitis) on weaning and postweaning performance of Hereford calves","volume":"38","author":"Thrift","year":"1974"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1206","article-title":"Antibiotic treatment of Moraxella bovis infection in cattle","volume":"185","author":"George","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Vet Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2013.01.038","article-title":"Randomized blinded challenge study to assess association between Moraxella bovoculi and infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in dairy calves","volume":"164","author":"Gould","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1998.tb02120.x","article-title":"Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: a review","volume":"12","author":"Brown","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Vaccine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.10.014","article-title":"Assessment of methodological quality and sources of variation in the magnitude of vaccine efficacy: a systematic review of studies from 1960 to 2005 reporting immunization with Moraxella bovis vaccines in young cattle","volume":"26","author":"Burns","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.64333-0","article-title":"Moraxella bovoculi sp nov, isolated from calves with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis","volume":"57","author":"Angelos","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.244.1.100","article-title":"Associations between infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis at weaning and ultrasonographically measured body composition traits in yearling cattle","volume":"244","author":"Funk","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"J Appl Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2011.05123.x","article-title":"Development and evaluation of a multiplex real-time PCR assay for the detection and differentiation of Moraxella bovis, Moraxella bovoculi and Moraxella ovis in pure culture isolates and lacrimal swabs collected from conventionally raised cattle","volume":"111","author":"Shen","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Vet Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.09.011","article-title":"Descriptive epidemiology of Moraxella bovis, Moraxella bovoculi and Moraxella ovis in beef calves with naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (pinkeye)","volume":"155","author":"O'Connor","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Injectable vitamin A effects on infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in beef calves. Iowa State Research Farm progress reports","author":"Gould","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"MAXI\/GUARD Pinkeye bacterin [product label]","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref20","year":"Jun 18, 2015"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Vet Res Commun","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-010-9347-8","article-title":"Recombinant Moraxella bovoculi cytotoxin-ISCOM matrix adjuvanted vaccine to prevent naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis","volume":"34","author":"Angelos","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/251\/3\/javma.251.3.345.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/251\/3\/javma.251.3.345.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/251\/3\/javma.251.3.345.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T11:56:03Z","timestamp":1741348563000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/251\/3\/javma.251.3.345.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.251.3.345","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]]}}}