{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T11:00:23Z","timestamp":1793444423617,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold> To determine the prevalence of bacteriuria (ie, a positive microbial culture result for \u2265 1 urine sample) in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and characterize findings of subclinical bacteriuria (SBU), bacterial cystitis, or pyelonephritis in these patients.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>DESIGN<\/jats:bold> Retrospective, observational study.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>ANIMALS<\/jats:bold> 182 dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>PROCEDURES<\/jats:bold> Medical records from January 2010 through July 2015 were reviewed to identify dogs with CKD that underwent urinalysis and urine microbial culture. Signalment, clinicopathologic data, stage of CKD according to previously published guidelines, results of urinalysis and urine culture, and abdominal ultrasonographic findings were recorded. Dogs with positive urine culture results were categorized as having SBU, bacterial cystitis, or pyelonephritis on the basis of these data. Prevalence of bacteriuria was calculated. Associations between CKD stage, presence of bacteriuria, and diagnosis category were analyzed statistically.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold> 33 of 182 (18.1%) dogs (40\/235 [17.0%] urine samples) had positive culture results. All dogs received antimicrobials on the basis of culture and susceptibility test findings. Most positive culture results (18\/40 [45%] samples) were found for dogs with SBU, followed by dogs with pyelonephritis (16\/40 [40%]) and cystitis (6\/40 [15%]). <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> was the most frequently observed isolate (29\/40 [73%] cultures from 25\/33 dogs). The CKD stage was not associated with presence of bacteriuria or diagnosis category.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold> The prevalence of positive urine culture results in dogs with CKD was lower than that reported for dogs with some systemic diseases that may predispose to infection. Prospective research is needed to assess the clinical importance of SBU in dogs with CKD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.252.10.1257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,27]],"date-time":"2018-04-27T13:28:11Z","timestamp":1524835691000},"page":"1257-1262","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Characterization of subclinical bacteriuria, bacterial cystitis, and pyelonephritis in dogs with chronic kidney disease"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"252","author":[{"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Foster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harathi","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Br Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1935(17)34541-4","article-title":"A review of the aetiology and consequences of urinary tract infections in the dog","volume":"132","author":"Bush","year":"1976"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1977.tb05843.x","article-title":"Canine bacteruria","volume":"18","author":"Kivist\u00f6","year":"1977"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Aust Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12140","article-title":"Prevalence of bacteriuria in dogs without clinical signs of urinary tract infection presenting for elective surgical procedures","volume":"92","author":"McGhie","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.245.1.106","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical outcome of subclinical bacteriuria in female dogs","volume":"245","author":"Wan","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Vet Med Int","first-page":"263768","article-title":"Antimicrobial use guidelines for treatment of urinary tract disease in dogs and cats: antimicrobial guidelines working group of the International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases","volume":"2011","author":"Weese","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Nord Vet Med","first-page":"394","article-title":"Canine urinary tract infection. 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