{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T22:56:32Z","timestamp":1792450592757,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold>\n To characterize indications for and clinical outcomes of limb amputation in goats and sheep.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n DESIGN<\/jats:bold>\n Retrospective case series and observational study.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n ANIMALS<\/jats:bold>\n Goats (n = 15) and sheep (7) that underwent partial or complete limb amputation at the University of California-Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital from January 1, 1985, through December 31, 2015.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n PROCEDURES<\/jats:bold>\n Medical records of qualifying goats and sheep were reviewed and data extracted regarding signalment, use of animal, characteristics of the amputated limb, duration of hospitalization, outcome, and surgery-associated complications. The Fisher exact test was performed to compare postsurgical complication rates between various groups.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:bold>\n Reasons for limb amputation included trauma (ie, fracture, dog bite, and wire-fence injury) and infectious or degenerative disease (ie, osteomyelitis and osteoarthritis). Median (range) hospitalization period for goats and sheep was 7.5 days (1 to 63 days) and 8 days (3 to 20 days), respectively. Most (7\/9) of the postsurgical complications were noticed > 2 months after amputation and included uncoordinated gait, tendon breakdown and laxity of the contralateral limb, chronic lameness, surgical site infection, chronic intermittent pain, and angular limb deformity. No association was identified between postsurgical complication rate in goats and body weight category (< 20 vs \u2265 20 kg [44 lb]), age category (< 2 vs \u2265 2 years), and amputated limb type (forelimb vs hind limb).\n <\/jats:p>\n \n CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold>\n Clinical outcomes for goats and sheep following limb amputation varied and were seemingly case dependent. Amputation should be considered when preservation of the whole limb is not possible. Veterinarians should advise owners that limb amputation may result in various complications and recommend aftercare treatment such as physiotherapy.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.252.7.860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,19]],"date-time":"2018-03-19T13:35:30Z","timestamp":1521466530000},"page":"860-863","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Indications for and outcomes of limb amputation in goats and sheep"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"252","author":[{"given":"Lisa","family":"Gamsjaeger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munashe","family":"Chigerwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0720(15)30444-8","article-title":"Orthopedic conditions of small ruminants. Llama, sheep, goat and deer","volume":"12","author":"Kaneps","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2013.11.005","article-title":"Limb amputation and prosthesis","volume":"30","author":"Desrochers","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.247.7.786","article-title":"Outcomes of dogs undergoing limb amputation, owner satisfaction with limb amputation procedures, and owner perceptions regarding postsurgical adaptation: 64 cases (2005\u20132012)","volume":"247","author":"Dickerson","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.144.5.115","article-title":"Adaptation of dogs to the amputation of a limb and their owners\u2019 satisfaction with the procedure","volume":"144","author":"Kirpensteijn","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1989.tb01043.x","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of partial limb amputation in 13 horses","volume":"18","author":"Crawley","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0720(15)30446-1","article-title":"Amputation and prosthesis","volume":"12","author":"St. Jean","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"227","article-title":"Owner satisfaction with limb amputation in dogs and cats","volume":"23","author":"Carberry","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12328","article-title":"Paravertebral brachial plexus blockade as part of a balanced anesthesia in a sheep undergoing thoracic amputation","volume":"43","author":"Rodrigo-Mochol\u00ed","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2008.06.003","article-title":"Paravertebral blockade of the brachial plexus in dogs","volume":"38","author":"Lemke","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Top Companion Anim Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2014.04.002","article-title":"The emerging role of veterinary orthotics and prosthetics (V-OP) in small animal rehabilitation and pain management","volume":"29","author":"Mich","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0720(15)30444-8","article-title":"Orthopedic conditions of small ruminants. Llama, sheep, goat and deer","volume":"12","author":"Kaneps","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2013.11.005","article-title":"Limb amputation and prosthesis","volume":"30","author":"Desrochers","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.247.7.786","article-title":"Outcomes of dogs undergoing limb amputation, owner satisfaction with limb amputation procedures, and owner perceptions regarding postsurgical adaptation: 64 cases (2005\u20132012)","volume":"247","author":"Dickerson","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.144.5.115","article-title":"Adaptation of dogs to the amputation of a limb and their owners\u2019 satisfaction with the procedure","volume":"144","author":"Kirpensteijn","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1989.tb01043.x","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of partial limb amputation in 13 horses","volume":"18","author":"Crawley","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0720(15)30446-1","article-title":"Amputation and prosthesis","volume":"12","author":"St. Jean","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"227","article-title":"Owner satisfaction with limb amputation in dogs and cats","volume":"23","author":"Carberry","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12328","article-title":"Paravertebral brachial plexus blockade as part of a balanced anesthesia in a sheep undergoing thoracic amputation","volume":"43","author":"Rodrigo-Mochol\u00ed","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2008.06.003","article-title":"Paravertebral blockade of the brachial plexus in dogs","volume":"38","author":"Lemke","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Top Companion Anim Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2014.04.002","article-title":"The emerging role of veterinary orthotics and prosthetics (V-OP) in small animal rehabilitation and pain management","volume":"29","author":"Mich","year":"2014"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/252\/7\/javma.252.7.860.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/252\/7\/javma.252.7.860.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/252\/7\/javma.252.7.860.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T20:09:13Z","timestamp":1775765353000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/252\/7\/javma.252.7.860.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.252.7.860","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]]}}}