{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T22:36:15Z","timestamp":1793745375750,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold> To determine and identify variables associated with outcomes of surgical repair of congenital palatal defects in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>DESIGN<\/jats:bold> Retrospective case series with nested observational study.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>ANIMALS<\/jats:bold> 26 dogs that underwent surgical repair of congenital palatal defects at 2 veterinary teaching hospitals from 2007 to 2016.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>PROCEDURES<\/jats:bold> Data were collected from medical records regarding dog age and body weight at the time of surgical defect repair, prior surgical history, skull type (brachycephalic, mesocephalic, or dolichocephalic), surgical technique used for defect repair, and defect severity. Functional outcome as well as frequency and location of oronasal fistula (ONF) formation were recorded. These outcomes were compared among various groups.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold> Surgical defect repair achieved functional success in 22 of the 26 (85%) dogs. An ONF formed after initial repair in 13 (50%) dogs, and the most common location was the hard palate. Hard palate ONF formation was more common in dogs &gt; 8 months of age at the time of initial repair; ONF at the junction between the hard and soft palates was more common in dogs &gt; 8 months of age at the time of initial repair and in dogs with a history of failed surgical repair. An unsuccessful functional outcome was more common in dogs weighing &lt; 1 kg (2.2 lb) at the time of initial repair.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold> Patient age, patient size, and defect characteristics should be taken into consideration when planning and assessing prognoses for surgical repair of congenital palatal defects in dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.253.11.1445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,19]],"date-time":"2018-11-19T16:20:45Z","timestamp":1542644445000},"page":"1445-1451","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Outcomes of surgical repair of congenital palatal defects in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"253","author":[{"given":"Santiago","family":"Peralta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Fiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimi H.","family":"Kan-Rohrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank J. M.","family":"Verstraete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199402000-00042","article-title":"Incidence of cleft lip and palate in Beagles","volume":"93","author":"Natsume","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2014.12129.x","article-title":"Craniomaxillofacial abnormalities in dogs with congenital palatal defects: computed tomographic findings","volume":"44","author":"Nemec","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Oral and maxillofacial surgery in dogs and cats","first-page":"351","article-title":"Cleft palate repair techniques","author":"Manfra Marretta","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2014.12131.x","article-title":"Staged double-layer closure of palatal defects in 6 dogs","volume":"44","author":"Peralta","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2016.02.001","article-title":"Reconstruction of congenital nose, cleft primary palate, and lip disorders","volume":"46","author":"Fiani","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Clin Tech Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ctsap.2007.03.005","article-title":"Use of local and axial pattern flaps for reconstruction of the hard and soft palate","volume":"22","author":"Sivacolundhu","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Clin Tech Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1053\/svms.2000.21044","article-title":"Reconstruction of oral defects using mucogingival pedicle flaps","volume":"15","author":"Luskin","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2013.02.010","article-title":"Oral and maxillofacial surgery in dogs and cats","volume":"43","author":"Zacher","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-37-2-183","article-title":"Bilateral overlapping mucosal single-pedicle flaps for correction of soft palate defects","volume":"37","author":"Griffiths","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"803","article-title":"A double reposition flap technique for repair of recurrent oronasal fistulas in dogs","volume":"22","author":"Ellison","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Oral and maxillofacial surgery in dogs and cats","first-page":"343","article-title":"Biologic basis of cleft palate and palatal surgery","author":"Kelly","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.78.8.926","article-title":"Morphological evaluation of clefts of the lip, palate, or both in dogs","volume":"78","author":"Peralta","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e81","DOI":"10.1597\/14-127","article-title":"The rate of oronasal fistula following primary cleft palate surgery: a meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Bykowski","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199810000-00009","article-title":"The effect of surgeon experience on velopharyngeal functional outcome following palatoplasty: is there a learning curve?","volume":"102","author":"Witt","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.06.021","article-title":"Interdisciplinary treatment of a patient with bilateral cleft lip and palate and congenitally missing and transposed teeth","volume":"145","author":"Germec-Cakan","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2005.05.002","article-title":"A surgical simulator for planning and performing repair of cleft lips","volume":"33","author":"Schendel","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.248.1.91","article-title":"Use of a split-thickness soft palate hinged flap and bilateral buccal mucosal rotation flaps for one-stage repair of a bilateral hypoplastic soft palate in a dog","volume":"248","author":"Mullins","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000548","article-title":"Fistula incidence after primary cleft palate repair: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"134","author":"Hardwicke","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Clin Plast Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2013.12.005","article-title":"Cleft palate repair","volume":"41","author":"Smith","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"JAMA Facial Plast Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2013.2537","article-title":"Association between palatal index and cleft palate repair outcomes in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate","volume":"16","author":"Rossell-Perry","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2007.00249.x","article-title":"Repair of oronasal fistulae using auricular cartilage grafts in five cats","volume":"36","author":"Cox","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1393","article-title":"A 5-year retrospective review of primary palatoplasty cases utilizing an acellular collagen interpositional graft","volume":"73","author":"Hudson","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2017.08.003","article-title":"Grafting materials for alveolar cleft reconstruction: a systematic review and best-evidence synthesis","volume":"47","author":"Wu","year":"2018"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/253\/11\/javma.253.11.1445.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/253\/11\/javma.253.11.1445.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/253\/11\/javma.253.11.1445.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T11:59:53Z","timestamp":1741348793000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/253\/11\/javma.253.11.1445.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.253.11.1445","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]}}}