{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T04:34:57Z","timestamp":1771475697641,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold> To describe clinical use of a locking compression plate (LCP) for proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) arthrodesis in horses and compare outcomes for horses that underwent the procedure as treatment for fracture of the middle phalanx (P2) versus other causes.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>DESIGN<\/jats:bold> Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>ANIMALS<\/jats:bold> 29 client-owned horses.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>PROCEDURES<\/jats:bold> Medical records of 2 veterinary teaching hospitals from 2008 through 2014 were reviewed to identify horses that underwent PIPJ arthrodesis of 1 limb. Signalment, surgical, and outcome-related variables were recorded. Owners were contacted from 1 to 6 years after surgery to determine rehabilitation time, current use of the horse, and overall owner satisfaction with the procedure. Success was determined on the basis of owner satisfaction and outcome for intended use. Variables of interest were compared statistically between horses that underwent surgery for P2 fracture versus other reasons.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold> 14 horses underwent surgery for treatment of P2 fracture, and 15 had surgery because of osteoarthritis, subluxation, or osteochondrosis. Median convalescent time after surgery (with no riding or unrestricted exercise) was 7 months. Four horses were euthanized; of 23 known alive at follow-up, 22 were not lame, and 18 had returned to their intended use (8 and 10 at higher and lower owner-reported levels of work, respectively). Horses undergoing arthrodesis for reasons other than fracture were significantly more likely to return to their previous level of work. Twenty-two of 24 owners contacted indicated satisfaction with the procedure.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold> Surgical arthrodesis of the PIPJ was successful in most horses of the study population. Various nuances of the system for fracture repair need to be understood prior to its use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.253.11.1460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,19]],"date-time":"2018-11-19T16:20:45Z","timestamp":1542644445000},"page":"1460-1466","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Use of a locking compression plate for equine proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis: 29 cases (2008\u20132014)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"253","author":[{"given":"R. Russell","family":"Sakai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurie R.","family":"Goodrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott A.","family":"Katzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerie J.","family":"Moorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Britta S.","family":"Leise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher E.","family":"Kawcak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larry D.","family":"Galuppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1364","article-title":"Arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joint in the horse: a surgical treatment for high ringbone","volume":"173","author":"Schneider","year":"1978"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"360","article-title":"Proximal interphalangeal arthrodesis in 22 horses","volume":"33","author":"Schaer","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Equine Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12012","article-title":"Retrospective evaluation of facilitated pastern ankylosis using intra-articular ethanol injections: 34 cases (2006\u20132012)","volume":"45","author":"Caston","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Equine Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.2746\/042516406X154840","article-title":"Proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis using a combination plate-screw technique in 53 horses (1994\u20132003)","volume":"38","author":"Knox","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Equine Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.2746\/042516407X196555","article-title":"Clinical use of the locking compression plate (LCP) in horses: a retrospective study of 31 cases (2004\u20132006)","volume":"39","author":"Levine","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2009.00627.x","article-title":"A technique for laser-facilitated equine pastern arthrodesis using parallel screws inserted in lag fashion","volume":"39","author":"Watts","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1053\/jvet.2001.25873","article-title":"Proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis in 34 horses using two parallel 5.5-mm cortical bone screws","volume":"30","author":"MacLellan","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Equine Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12578","article-title":"Double plate fixation for the management of proximal interphalangeal joint instability in 30 horses (1987\u20132015)","volume":"49","author":"McCormick","year":"2017"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"ref9","series-title":"Injury","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"B63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2003.09.026","article-title":"Guidelines for the clinical application of the LCP","volume":"34","author":"Gautier","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"571","article-title":"A mechanical comparison of equine proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis techniques: an axial locking compression plate and two abaxial transarticular cortical screws versus an axial dynamic compression plate and two abaxial transarticular cortical screws","volume":"40","author":"Sod","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2013.01111.x","article-title":"In vitro biomechanical comparison of a 4.5 mm narrow locking compression plate construct versus a 4.5 mm limited contact dynamic compression plate construct for arthrodesis of the equine proximal interphalangeal joint","volume":"42","author":"Ahern","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2010.00792.x","article-title":"Arthrodesis of the equine proximal interphalangeal joint: a biomechanical comparison of 3-hole 4.5 mm locking compression plate and 3-hole 4.5 mm narrow dynamic compression plate, with two transarticular 5.5 mm cortex screws","volume":"40","author":"Zoppa","year":"2011"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"ref13","series-title":"Injury","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"B31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2003.09.023","article-title":"General principles for the clinical use of the LCP","volume":"34","author":"Wagner","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Equine Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12503","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of factors associated with outcome of proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis in 82 horses including warmblood and Thoroughbred sport horses and Quarter Horses (1992\u20132014)","volume":"48","author":"Herthel","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Equine surgery","first-page":"1047","article-title":"Principles of fracture treatment","author":"Auer","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Guide for veterinary services and judging of equestrian events","article-title":"Definition and classification of lameness","author":"Kester","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"J Orthop Trauma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200409000-00002","article-title":"Locked internal fixator: sensitivity of screw\/plate stability to the correct insertion angle of the screw","volume":"18","author":"K\u00e4\u00e4b","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Equine Vet Educ","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.12258","article-title":"Deep digital flexor tendon rupture in two horses: a potential complication of comminuted second phalangeal fractures","volume":"27","author":"Elce","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Equine Vet Educ","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.12284","article-title":"Equine fractures: the importance of the soft tissues","volume":"27","author":"Lescun","year":"2015"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical 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