{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T08:59:44Z","timestamp":1790672384784,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold> To determine complication rates associated with sutureless scrotal castration (SLSC) performed in a large number of pediatric and juvenile dogs and investigate whether procedure duration differed from that of traditional prescrotal castration (TPSC).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>DESIGN<\/jats:bold> Prospective case series and clinical trial.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>ANIMALS<\/jats:bold> 400 shelter-owned dogs that underwent SLSC and 18 shelter-owned dogs that underwent TPSC between 2 and 5 months of age.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>PROCEDURES<\/jats:bold> In the first phase of the study, SLSC was performed for 400 dogs, which were monitored for \u2265 24 hours after surgery to identify surgery-related complications such as hemorrhage, signs of pain, self-trauma, swelling, and dermatitis at the incision site. In the second phase, the durations of 18 SLSC and 18 TPSC procedures were measured and compared.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold> No hemorrhage-related complications were identified in any dog during SLSC in the first phase. Complications were all minor and self-limiting and included peri-incisional dermatitis (9\/400 [2.3%]), skin bruising (4\/400 [1.0%]), and swelling (1\/400 [0.3%]). No self-trauma was observed for any dog, nor did any dog require additional analgesic treatment after surgery. Procedure duration was significantly briefer for SLSC (mean \u00b1 SD, 1.0 \u00b1 0.2 minutes) than for TPSC (3.5 \u00b1 0.4 minutes).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold> Results suggested that SLSC as evaluated was safe and significantly faster than TPSC when performed in healthy 2- to 5-month-old dogs. The SLSC technique has the potential to improve morbidity and mortality rates as well as financial costs associated with castration, particularly in high-quality, high-volume spay and neuter programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.253.12.1589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,5]],"date-time":"2018-12-05T14:52:58Z","timestamp":1544021578000},"page":"1589-1593","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Evaluation of sutureless scrotal castration for pediatric and juvenile dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"253","author":[{"given":"Kirk P.","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendi L.","family":"Rekers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena G.","family":"DeTar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline M.","family":"Blanchette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milan","family":"Milovancev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Small animal surgery","first-page":"794","article-title":"Surgery of the reproductive and genital systems","author":"MacPhail","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Shelter medicine for veterinarians and staff","article-title":"Spay and neuter surgical techniques for the animal shelter","author":"Appel","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Veterinarian reference guide","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Med","first-page":"83","article-title":"An overview of pediatric spay and neuter benefits and techniques","volume":"106","author":"Bushby","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-7331","article-title":"2015 AAHA\/AAFP pain management guidelines for dogs and cats.","volume":"51","author":"Epstein","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Pediatric scrotal castration in a puppy","author":"Bushby","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2011.05.004","article-title":"Complications of ovariohysterectomy and orchiectomy in companion animals","volume":"41","author":"Adin","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1882","article-title":"Postoperative complications of elective surgeries in dogs and cats determined by examining electronic and paper medical records","volume":"208","author":"Pollari","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12266","article-title":"Comparison of postoperative complications in healthy dogs undergoing open and closed orchidectomy","volume":"55","author":"Hamilton","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Complications in small animal surgery","first-page":"528","article-title":"Orchiectomy","author":"Van Goethem","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"672","article-title":"Evaluation of postoperative complications following elective surgeries of dogs and cats at private practices using computer records","volume":"37","author":"Pollari","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Vet Med","first-page":"131","article-title":"Scrotal castration versus prescrotal castration in dogs","volume":"110","author":"Woodruff","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2004.05.003","article-title":"Use of cyanoacrylate in skin closure for ovariohysterectomy in a population control programme","volume":"7","author":"Faria","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"308","article-title":"Evaluation of anesthetic protocols for neutering 6 to 14 week old pups","volume":"205","author":"Faggella","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"57","article-title":"Short-term results and complications of prepubertal gonadectomy in cats and dogs","volume":"211","author":"Howe","year":"1997"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/253\/12\/javma.253.12.1589.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/253\/12\/javma.253.12.1589.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/253\/12\/javma.253.12.1589.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T12:00:34Z","timestamp":1741348834000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/253\/12\/javma.253.12.1589.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,15]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.253.12.1589","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,15]]}}}