{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T21:35:46Z","timestamp":1790199346815,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold> To determine the most common types of injuries in cats surgically treated for thoracic trauma, complications associated with surgical treatment, and factors associated with mortality rate and evaluate the effectiveness of the animal trauma triage (ATT) scoring system for predicting outcome.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>DESIGN<\/jats:bold> Retrospective case series with nested observational study.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>ANIMALS<\/jats:bold> 23 client-owned cats surgically treated for thoracic trauma at 7 veterinary teaching hospitals between 1990 and 2014.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>PROCEDURES<\/jats:bold> Medical records were reviewed to collect data on signalment, medical history, clinical signs and physical examination findings at initial evaluation, clinicopathologic findings, initial emergency treatments and diagnostic tests performed, type of trauma sustained, imaging findings, surgery details, postoperative complications, duration of hospitalization, and cause of death, if applicable. All variables were evaluated for associations with survival to hospital discharge.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold> Types of trauma that cats had sustained included dog bite or attack (n = 8 [35%]), motor vehicle accident (6 [26%]), other animal attack (2 [9%]), impalement injury or fall (2 [9%]), projectile penetrating trauma (1 [4%]), or unknown origin (4 [17%]). Intrathoracic surgery was required for 65% (15\/23) of cats. The overall perioperative mortality rate was 13% (3\/23). Mean \u00b1 SD ATT scores for surviving and nonsurviving cats were 6.4 \u00b1 2.2 and 10.0 \u00b1 1.7, respectively. Nineteen of 20 cats with no cardiopulmonary arrest survived to discharge, compared with 1 of 3 cats with cardiopulmonary arrest. Only these 2 variables were significantly associated with outcome.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold> The perioperative mortality rate was low in this series of cats with thoracic trauma; however, those with cardiopulmonary arrest were less likely to survive to hospital discharge than other cats. Cats with a low ATT score were more likely to survive than cats with a high ATT score.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.253.5.598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]],"date-time":"2018-08-15T17:58:31Z","timestamp":1534355911000},"page":"598-605","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Factors associated with survival to hospital discharge for cats treated surgically for thoracic trauma"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"253","author":[{"given":"Cassie N.","family":"Lux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William T. N.","family":"Culp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew S.","family":"Mellema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desiree D.","family":"Rosselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chad W.","family":"Schmiedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ameet","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"April","family":"Haynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura E.","family":"Selmic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milan","family":"Milovancev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp D.","family":"Mayhew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothy C.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"499","article-title":"Patterns of trauma in urban dogs and cats: a study of 1,000 cases","volume":"164","author":"Kolata","year":"1974"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0648.x","article-title":"The Feline Acute Patient Physiologic and Laboratory Evaluation (Feline APPLE) score: a severity of illness stratification system for hospitalized cats","volume":"25","author":"Hayes","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0442.2002.jv416.x","article-title":"Dog bite wounds in dogs and cats: a retrospective study of 196 cases","volume":"49","author":"Shamir","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-07-01-0012","article-title":"Radiographic examination and outcome in consecutive feline trauma patients","volume":"21","author":"Zulauf","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet","first-page":"313","article-title":"Dog bite wounds: a study of 93 cases","volume":"11","author":"Cowell","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"959","article-title":"Thoracic bite wounds and associated internal injury in 11 dogs and 1 cat","volume":"184","author":"McKiernan","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1399","article-title":"High-rise syndrome in cats","volume":"191","author":"Whitney","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Formos Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-6646(09)60293-X","article-title":"Prognostic analysis of patients with blunt chest trauma admitted to an intensive care unit","volume":"106","author":"Wang","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.1994.tb00118.x","article-title":"Development of a scoring system for the veterinary trauma patient","volume":"4","author":"Rockar","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.5326\/0390035","article-title":"Traumatic body wall herniation in 36 dogs and cats","volume":"39","author":"Shaw","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.216.51","article-title":"Intrathoracic and concurrent orthopedic injury associated with traumatic rib fracture in cats: 75 cases (1980\u20131998)","volume":"216","author":"Kraje","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2010.00559.x","article-title":"Cause and clinical characteristics of rib fractures in cats: 33 cases (2000\u20132009)","volume":"20","author":"Adams","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"(1998\u20132001). J Feline Med Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2003.07.001","article-title":"Feline high-rise syndrome: 119 cases","volume":"6","author":"Vnuk","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.5326\/0380315","article-title":"Clinical management of flail chest in dogs and cats: a retrospective study of 24 cases (1989\u20131999)","volume":"38","author":"Olsen","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2006.00114.x","article-title":"Thoracic bite trauma in dogs: a comparison of clinical and radiological parameters with surgical results","volume":"47","author":"Scheepens","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-07-02-0019","article-title":"Penetrating injuries in dogs and cats: a study of 16 cases","volume":"21","author":"Risselada","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.5326\/0460385","article-title":"Pneumothorax: a review","volume":"46","author":"Pawloski","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet","first-page":"974","article-title":"Managing bite wounds in dogs and cats. Part II","volume":"20","author":"Davidson","year":"1998b"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1997.tb01461.x","article-title":"A technique for management of bite wounds of the thoracic wall in small animals","volume":"26","author":"Shahar","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"J Trauma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200009000-00018","article-title":"Appraisal of early evaluation of blunt chest trauma: development of a standardized scoring system for clinical decision making","volume":"49","author":"Pape","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"J Trauma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197403000-00001","article-title":"The injury severity score: a method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care","volume":"14","author":"Baker","year":"1974"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.5505\/tjtes.2011.76158","article-title":"Factors affecting mortality in patients with thorax trauma","volume":"17","author":"Emircan","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/s1010-7940(02)00813-8","article-title":"Chest injury due to blunt trauma","volume":"23","author":"Liman","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2010.02.034","article-title":"Prognostic factors in flail-chest patients","volume":"38","author":"Athanassiadi","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Cir Esp","first-page":"165","article-title":"Prognostic factors in chest traumas: a prospective study of 500 patients [in Spanish]","volume":"87","author":"Perna","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"Thorac Cardiovasc Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-955883","article-title":"The prognostic importance of trauma scoring systems for blunt thoracic trauma","volume":"55","author":"Esme","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.245.8.923","article-title":"Review of gunshot injuries in cats and dogs and utility of a triage scoring system to predict short-term outcome: 37 cases (2003\u20132008)","volume":"245","author":"Olsen","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref28","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.217.531","article-title":"Severe sepsis in cats: 29 cases (1986\u20131998)","volume":"217","author":"Brady","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref29","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12364","article-title":"Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in humans and animals","volume":"28","author":"Osterbur","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref30","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12297","article-title":"Acute kidney injury in severe sepsis: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment recommendations","volume":"25","author":"Keir","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref31","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12110","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for canine post-anesthetic aspiration pneumonia (1999\u20132009): a multicenter study","volume":"41","author":"Ovbey","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref32","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2001.tb02041.x","article-title":"Battered pets: non-accidental physical injuries found in dogs and cats","volume":"42","author":"Munro","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref33","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-15-01-0001","article-title":"Thoracic bite trauma in dogs and cats: a retrospective study of 65 cases","volume":"28","author":"Cabon","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref34","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12069","article-title":"Pneumomediastinum in cats: 45 cases (2000\u20132010)","volume":"23","author":"Thomas","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref35","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.221.819","article-title":"Risk factors, prognostic indicators, and outcome of pyothorax in cats: 80 cases (1986\u20131999)","volume":"221","author":"Waddell","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref36","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2011.03.004","article-title":"Clinical outcome following pneumonectomy for management of chronic pyothorax in four cats","volume":"13","author":"Crawford","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref37","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2007.00417.x","article-title":"Indications, outcomes and complications following lateral thoracotomy in dogs and cats","volume":"48","author":"Moores","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref38","series-title":"Aust Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1996.tb13729.x","article-title":"Outcomes of thoracic surgery in dogs and cats","volume":"74","author":"Bellenger","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref39","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"161","article-title":"Thoracic trauma in dogs and cats presented for limb fractures","volume":"21","author":"Tamas","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref40","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"10","article-title":"Thoracic injuries in cats with traumatic fractures","volume":"3","author":"Griffon","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref41","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.244.3.300","article-title":"Multicenter prospective evaluation of dogs with trauma","volume":"244","author":"Hall","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref42","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0552.x","article-title":"The Acute Patient Physiologic and Laboratory Evaluation (APPLE) score: a severity of illness stratification system for hospitalized dogs","volume":"24","author":"Hayes","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref43","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2004.225.897","article-title":"Underlying cause, pathophysiologic abnormalities, and response to treatment in cats with septic peritonitis: 51 cases (1990\u20132001)","volume":"225","author":"Costello","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref44","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12130","article-title":"Traumatic coagulopathy\u2014part 1: pathophysiology and diagnosis","volume":"24","author":"Palmer","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref45","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1534-6935.2004.04006.x","article-title":"Causes of cardiopulmonary arrest, resuscitation management, and functional outcome in dogs and cats surviving cardiopulmonary arrest","volume":"14","author":"Waldrop","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref46","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12250","article-title":"Assessment of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 121 dogs and 30 cats at a university teaching hospital (2009\u20132012)","volume":"24","author":"McIntyre","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref47","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.235.1.50","article-title":"Prognostic indicators for dogs and cats with cardiopulmonary arrest treated by cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation at a university teaching hospital","volume":"235","author":"Hofmeister","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/253\/5\/javma.253.5.598.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/253\/5\/javma.253.5.598.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/253\/5\/javma.253.5.598.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T12:00:25Z","timestamp":1741348825000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/253\/5\/javma.253.5.598.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.253.5.598","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]]}}}